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摘要:
相控阵接收机主要依靠相位控制实现天线波束指向的转动。接收机的初始相位是实现波束指向控制的先决条件。在换相法的基础上提出了一种相干换相法，可以快速完成接收机各通道初始相位的初次校准，并应用旋转矢量法（REV）进行初始相位的精确校准。校准时相控阵天线和测试探头均不动，且在特定应用中不需要精确定位测试探头的位置，这样可以很容易集成到相控阵接收机监测系统中，实现快速实时校准。针对本文提出的方法，在Ka波段阵列辐射计上进行了验证，结果表明：相位精度达到5°±1.5°，完成256通道一次初始相位的校准仅需2 min左右。
Abstract:Phased array receiver can steer antenna beam direction electronically by changing the phase of the units. Initial phase calibration of phased array is the precondition of steering antenna beam direction. In this paper, a coherent phase-shift measurement method is presented based on phase-shift measurement method, which has high accuracy and high speed to obtain the initial calibration phase of the phased array recei-ver, and then rotating electric vector (REV) method is used to further increase calibration accuracy. By using the measuring method presented in this paper, both the phased array receiver antenna and the probe are immovable, whose exact locations need not be determined in certain application. So, it is easy to be integrated into the monitoring system of the phased array receiver, which can realize real-time rapid initial phase calibration. The phase calibration method presented in this paper is verified on the Ka-band array radiometer, and the results show that the phase accuracy is 5°±1.5°, and the time consumption for finishing 256 channels once initial phase calibration is about 2 min.
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图 5 x、y、z方向偏离5 mm时仿真结果
Figure 5. Simulation results of 5 mm deviation in x、y、z direction
图 6 被动式毫米波成像系统整机实物图
Figure 6. Complete machine picture of passive millimeter wave imaging system
表 1 实测16×16相控阵通道残差
Table 1. Channel residual measurement of 16×16 phased array
(°) 阵列数 对齐次数 0次 1次 2次 3次 4次 A1 37.8 12.8 17 14 5 A2 114 82.6 96.4 18.3 3.6 A3 28.7 17.2 7.5 2.5 3.4 A4 26.4 11.2 4 2.7 2.7 A5 73.3 30.4 13.9 8.3 6.1 A6 86.2 25.2 8.2 15.9 10 A7 102 32.2 11.5 11.6 6.3 A8 53.7 18.3 20.3 7.1 3.8 A9 113 115 23.8 5.1 4.4 A10 108 43.2 4.7 4.6 2.5 A11 44.1 12.4 7.1 4.5 11 A12 21.4 26.2 32.9 8.4 3.4 A13 17.6 16.7 2.9 3.1 3.2 A14 38.3 13.6 3.6 9.7 7.7 A15 48.3 33 20.6 6.4 3.5 A16 109 36 14.5 15.8 13 
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