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摘要:
针对大型、复杂、多功能建筑，其内部信号环境恶劣，卫星导航的信号衰减较大，较难稳定捕获跟踪，建筑内多径效应严重，短多径对定位精度的影响较大，直接使用卫星导航信号进行定位难度大的问题，提出了一种基于地面基站的大区域（建筑群）室内定位方案。根据频率与信号穿透性能和空间衰减之间的关系，选择甚高频频段作为信号载波，采用码伪距和载波伪距联合定位的方式，可同时兼顾覆盖性和定位性能。利用所提出的新型定位方式，搭建了一个基本测试系统，通过信号的产生、发射、无线传播，进行了信号的捕获、跟踪和伪距求差解算，初步验证了本文方法的可行性及覆盖能力。
Abstract:For the harsh internal signal environment and the large signal attenuation of satellite navigation with the difficulties of capturing and tracking signals stably inside large-scale, complex and multifunctional buildings, the multipath effect is serious, and the short multipath has a great influence on the positioning accuracy. Taken in this sense, it is difficult to locate directly with the navigation signals. This paper proposes a method of indoor positioning method based on a large area of ground base station (building group). According to the relationship between frequency and signal penetration performance and spatial attenuation, the frequency band of very high frequency is selected as the signal carrier, with the combination of the code pseudorange and the carrier pseudorange, to achieve the coverage and positioning performance. In this paper, a basic test system is built by using the proposed new positioning method. The signal acquisition, tracking and pseudorange differential are carried out through signal generation, transmission and wireless propagation, which preliminarily verifies the feasibility and the coverage ability of the proposed method.
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Key words:
- large area /
- high-precision positioning /
- code pseudorange /
- carrier pseudorange /
- ground base station
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图 6 码相位差值(运动状态下测试，1号点~3号点)
Figure 6. Code phase difference value (test under motion, point 1 to 3)
图 7 载波相位差值(运动状态下测试，1号点~3号点)
Figure 7. Carrier phase difference value (test under motion, point 1 to 3)
图 8 码相位差值(运动状态下测试，3号点~1号点)
Figure 8. Code phase difference value (test under motion, point 3 to 1)
图 9 载波相位差值(运动状态下测试，3号点~1号点)
Figure 9. Carrier phase difference value (test under motion, point 3 to 1)
图 12 测试点2跟踪曲线及基站间距离差曲线
Figure 12. Tracking curve and distance difference curves between base stations at test point 2
表 1 测试数据(同步测试)
Table 1. Test data (synchronous test)
观测量 测试分组 均值/m 标准差/cm 码相位差 第1次 1.63 57.7 第2次 1.68 53.7 载波相位差 第1次 0.991 5 0.18 第2次 2.943 1 0.11 
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表 2 测试数据(运动状态下测试，1号点~3号点)
Table 2. Test data (test under motion, point 1 to 3)
m 测试点 码相位差 载波相位差 均值 标准差 均值 标准差 1 3.66 66.8 13.2 8.397 2 2.83 5.6 31.1 0.19 3 -16.6 5.4 39.5 0.13
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表 3 测试数据(运动状态下测试，3号点~1号点)
Table 3. Test data (test under motion, point 3 to 1)
m 测试点 码相位差 载波相位差 均值 标准差 均值 标准差 3 -26.5 7.1 -1.38 0.138 2 4.4 4 -9.38 0.125 1 24.5 53.8 -8.67 6.4
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