Real-time performance evaluation technology of airborne network for avionics system
-
摘要:
机载网络是航空电子系统中实现信息实时可靠传输的手段，其发展程度和能力决定了航空电子系统的总体构型及信息综合效能。不同于一般计算机网络，机载网络更加强调组网的实时性，需要采用苛刻高效的方法实现其实时性能的分析与评价。以交换式网络中消息传输过程为分析对象，研究了消息端到端传输延迟模型，给出了实时性能评价方法在评估悲观性和计算紧性的对比指标；对解析分析、行为仿真和模型检查等典型机载网络实时性评价关键技术进行了梳理和分析，给出了各种实时性能评价方法在计算紧性和效率等方面的差异和实现途径。以简单网络和工业规模网络为研究案例对上述方法进行了验证说明，并对比分析了各种方法在计算紧性的差异，探讨了航空电子系统机载网络实时性能评价技术的发展趋势。
Abstract:Airborne network is the key to realize real-time reliable transmission of information in avionics system. Its development degree and capability determine the overall configuration and comprehensive information efficiency of avionics system. Unlike general computer networks, airborne networks emphasize the real-time ability of airborne network and need strict and efficient methods to analyze and evaluate the real-time performance. Taking the process of message transmission in switched networks as analysis object, the end-to-end delay model is summarized and the comparison indexes of evaluation pessimistic degree and calculation tightness for different real-time evaluation methods are proposed. The typically evaluation solutions for avionics environment such as analytical analysis, behavior simulation and model checking are listed, the differences in calculation tightness and effectiveness of these real-time evaluation methods are compared, and the realization approach is analyzed. Furthermore, these methods are verified and illustrated through two typical networking cases:a simple network and an industrial scale network, and the calculation tightness of different evaluation methods is also compared and analyzed. Finally, the development trend of airborne network real-time performance evaluation technology for avionics system is discussed.
-
Key words:
- avionics system /
- airborne network /
- real-time /
- delay analysis /
- calculation tightness
-
图 5 不同实时性能评价方法计算紧性对比
Figure 5. Calculation tightness comparison among different real-time performance evaluation methods
图 8 1 000条VL不同实时性能评价方法延迟分析结果对比
Figure 8. Delay analysis result comparison among different real-time evaluation methods for 1 000 VLs
表 1 小规模组网案例端到端延迟及计算紧性分析结果
Table 1. Analysis results of end-to-end delay and calculation tightness for small-scale networking case
实时性能评价方法 端到端延迟/μs(计算紧性) VL1 VL2 VL3 VL4 VL5 基本模型网络演算 313.2(1.151) 192.4(1.002) 313.2(1.151) 313.2(1.151) 217.2(1.234) 分组优化网络演算 273.6(1.006) 192.4(1.002) 273.6(1.006) 273.6(1.006) 177.6(1.009) 基本模型轨迹法 312(1.147) 192(1.000) 272(1.000) 272(1.000) 216(1.227) 分组优化轨迹法 272(1.000) 192(1.000) 272(1.000) 272(1.000) 176(1.000) 整体法 312(1.147) 192(1.000) 312(1.147) 312(1.147) 216(1.227) 仿真方法(最小值) 152.0(0.559) 152.0(0.792) 152.0(0.559) 152.0(0.559) 96.0(0.545) 仿真方法(最大值) 267.5(0.983) 190.1(0.990) 254.1(0.934) 271.1(0.997) 160.2(0.910) 仿真方法(平均值) 152.8(0.562) 152.4(0.794) 153.1(0.563) 152.8(0.562) 96.6(0.549) 随机网络演算Q4 264.5(0.972) 189.7(0.988) 264.5(0.972) 264.5(0.972) 171.3(0.973) 模型检查 272(1.000) 192(1.000) 272(1.000) 272(1.000) 176(1.000) 注：本文采用以模型检查结果为计算紧性的对比标准。 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 工业组网案例计算紧性分析结果
Table 2. Calculation tightness analysis results for industrial networking case
计算紧性 实时性能评价方法 平均值 最大值 最小值 归一化计算紧
性(分组优化
网络演算结果
为对比标准)分组优化网络演算 1.000 1.000 1.000 基本模型网络演算 1.306 1.637 1.080 基本模型轨迹法 1.085 1.487 0.939 分组优化轨迹法 0.976 1.054 0.931 整体法 1.169 1.418 0.997 随机网络演算Q6 0.865 1.272 0.684 随机网络演算Q4 0.796 1.199 0.625 仿真方法(最大值) 0.193 0.478 0.103 仿真方法(平均值) 0.110 0.258 0.047 仿真方法(最小值) 0.044 0.178 0.010 相对计算紧性
(方法X/方法Y)分组优化网络演算/
基本模型网络演算0.771 0.926 0.611 分组优化轨迹法/
基本模型轨迹法0.904 1.000 0.687 整体法/基本模型网络演算 0.896 0.943 0.836
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 蒲小勃.现代航空电子系统与综合[M].北京:航空工业出版社, 2013:1-2.PU X B.Modern avionics system and integration[M].Beijing:Aviation Industry Press, 2013:1-2(in Chinese). [2] 何锋.机载网络技术基础[M].北京:国防工业出版社, 2018:15-16.HE F.Fundamentals of airborne network[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press, 2018:15-16(in Chinese). [3] TR-INCTIS.Fibre channel avionics environment: INCTIS TR-31-2002[S].New York: American National Standards Institute, 2002. [4] ARINC.Avionics full duplex switched Ethernet(AFDX)network: ARINC 664 P7[S].Annapolis: Aeronautical Radio, 2005. [5] SAE.Time-triggered Ethernet: AS6802[S].Warrendale: SAE International, 2011. [6] TAMAS-SELICEAN D, POP P, STEINER W.Design optimization of TTEthernet-based distributed real-time systems[J].Real-Time Systems, 2015, 51(1):1-35. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=2ae61b7a2e230110461df969d902534d [7] 代真, 何锋, 张宇静, 等.AFDX虚拟链路路径实时寻优算法[J].航空学报, 2015, 36(6):1924-1932. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hkxb201506021DAI Z, HE F, ZHANG Y J, et al.Real-time path optimization algorithm of AFDX virtual link[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2015, 36(6):1924-1932(in Chinese). http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hkxb201506021 [8] LI M, LAUER M, ZHU G C, et al.Determinism enhancement of AFDX networks via frame insertion and sub-virtual link aggregation[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2014, 10(3):1684-1695. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=454ede6865b21a9fa8bb419843876c62 [9] DRISCOLL K, HALL B, KOOPMAN P, et al.Data network evaluation criteria handbook: DOT/FAA/AR-09/24[R].Washington, D.C.: FAA, 2009. [10] DRISCOLL K, HALL B, KOOPMAN P, et al.Data network evaluation criteria report: DOT/FAA/AR-09/27[R].Washington, D.C.: FAA, 2009. [11] CRUZ R L.A calculus for network delay, Part I:Network elements in isolation[J].IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 1991, 37(1):114-131. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=61109 [12] CRUZ R L.A calculus for network delay, Part Ⅱ:Network analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 1991, 37(1):132-141. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/61110/ [13] JIANG Y.A basic stochastic network calculus[J].ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 2006, 36(4):123-134. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/OAPaper/oai_arXiv.org_cs%2f0511008 [14] MARTIN S, MINET P.Schedulability analysis of flows scheduled with FIFO: Application to the expedited forwarding class[C]//20th IEEE Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium.Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 2006: 1-8. [15] MARTIN S, MINET P.Worst case end-to-end response times of flows scheduled with FP/FIFO[C]//IEEE ICNICONSMCL'06: Networking, International Conference on Systems and International Conference on Mobile Communications and Learning Technologies.Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 2006: 1-7. [16] TINDELL K, CLARK J.Holistic schedulability analysis for distributed hard real-time systems[J].Microprocessing and Microprogramming, 1994, 40(2-3):117-134. doi: 10.1016-0165-6074(94)90080-9/ [17] TINDELL K, BURNS A, WELLINGS A J.Analysis of hard real-time communications[J].Real-Time Systems, 1995, 9(2):147-171. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/OAPaper/oai_doaj-articles_4eccac1beab46bda631ce9696a6007d0 [18] CHARARA H, FRABOUL C.Modelling and simulation of an avionics full duplex switched Ethernet[C]//Advanced Industrial Conference on Telecommunications/Service Assurance with Partial and Intermittent Resources Conference/E-Learning on Telecommunications Workshop(AICT/SAPIR/ELETE'05).Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 2005: 207-212. [19] STEINBACH T, KENFACK H D, KORF F, et al.An extension of the OMNeT++ INET framework for simulating real-time Ethernet with high accuracy[C]//International ICST Conference on Simulation TOOLS and Techniques.New York: ACM Press, 2011: 375-382. [20] ALUR R, COURCOUBETIS C, DILL D.Model-checking for real-time systems[C]//Fifth Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science.Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 1990: 414-425. [21] ALUR R, DILL D L.A theory of timed automata[J].Theoretical Computer Science, 1994, 126(2):183-235. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/OAPaper/oai_arXiv.org_1307.7443 [22] CAO Y, TAO S.Design and implement of a network performance measuring and evaluating software[J].Journal of Software, 1999, 10:287-291. [23] LIN Q, XIONG H G, ZHANG Q S.Credit determination of fibre channel in avionics environment[J].Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 2007, 20(3):247-252 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=6cd825e1f89801278000f2dd06b6f67d [24] 周天然, 宋丽茹, 熊华钢, 等.航空电子环境下FC网络的建模与仿真[J].北京航空航天大学学报, 2008, 34(10):1117-1120. https://bhxb.buaa.edu.cn/CN/Y2008/V34/I10/1117ZHOU T R, SONG L R, XIONG H G, et al.Modeling and simulation of fibre channel for avionics[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008, 34(10):1117-1120(in Chinese). https://bhxb.buaa.edu.cn/CN/Y2008/V34/I10/1117 [25] 刘倩.光纤通道(Fibre Channel)协议测试方法的研究[D].西安: 西安电子科技大学, 2013.LIU Q.Research on test methods of the FC-AE protocol[D].Xi'an: Xidian University, 2013(in Chinese). [26] BAUER H, SCHARBARG J L, FRABOUL C.Improving the worst-case delay analysis of an AFDX network using an optimized trajectory approach[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2010, 6(4):521-533. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=22c8fa78b729cd2a6f1be4209de245b6&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn [27] XU Q F, YANG X Y.Performance analysis on transmission estimation for avionics real-time system using optimized network calculus[J].International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences, 2019, 20(2):506-517. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=b20f441a040cbc9ab365cfb1d99c2ac3&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn [28] LI M, ZHU G C, SAVARIA Y, et al.Reliability enhancement of redundancy management in AFDX networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2017, 13(5):2118-2129. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=88a3c315fcf6ca78130701ce94e6bbba&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn [29] XU Y Y, GE H J, YANG J Z.Research on the scheduling method of AFDX terminal system based on time triggered and event triggered[J].Journal of Computational Science, 2018, 27:445-453. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=1d36af6910b3ac6bc679652a7dcdbfc1 [30] ADNAN M, SCHARBARG J, ERMONT J, et al.Model for worst case delay analysis of an AFDX network using timed automata[C]//2010 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation(ETFA).Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 2010: 1-4. [31] ADNAN M, SCHARBARG J, FRABOUL C.Minimizing the search space for computing exact worst-case delays of AFDX periodic flows[C]//International Symposium on Industrial Embedded Systems.Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 2011: 294-301. [32] LI R Y, LI M N, LIAO H T, et al.An efficient method for evaluating the end-to-end transmission time reliability of a switched Ethernet[J].Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 2017, 88:124-133. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=0ab5b94a92ca66a037b7bfba079bea29 [33] ZHAO L X, XIONG H G, ZHENG Z, et al.Improving worst-case latency analysis for rate-constrained traffic in the time-triggered Ethernet network[J].IEEE Communications Letters, 2014, 18(11):1927-1930. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=18ce30176b99302902ab6d662a6807bb [34] ZHAO L X, POP P, LI Q, et al.Timing analysis of rate-constrained traffic in TTEthernet using network calculus[J].Real-Time Systems, 2017, 53(2):254-287. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=b51dfc32a8064430f88b830f132f9c90 [35] STEINHAMMER K, ADEMAJ A.Hardware implementation of the time-triggered Ethernet controller[C]//Embedded System Design: Topics, Techniques and Trends.Berlin: Springer, 2007: 325-338. [36] DUTERTRE B, SHANKAR N, OWRE S.Integrated formal analysis of timed-triggered Ethernet: NASA/CR-2012-217554[R].Washington, D.C.: NASA, 2012. [37] STEINER W.An evaluation of SMT-based schedule synthesis for time-triggered multi-hop networks[C]//Proceedings 31st Real-Time Systems Symposium(RTSS2010).Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 2010: 375-384. [38] ZHANG Y J, HE F, LU G S, et al.An imporosity message scheduling based on modified genetic algorithm for time-triggered Ethernet[J].Science China Information Sciences, 2018, 61(1):019102. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=13a8f244235f534770c334d1f3ad43e4&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn [39] SYED A, FOHLER G.Efficient offline scheduling of task-sets with complex constraints on large distributed time-triggered systems[J].Real-Time Systems, 2019, 55(2):209-247. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=eeb5b2afd2a2a7e5d70e8018e38e6a76&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn [40] LE BOUDEC J Y, THIRAN P.Network calculus:A theory of deterministic queuing systems for the Internet[M].Berlin:Springer, 2001:7-40. [41] WEN B, LI J, ZHU G C, et al.Deterministic and stochastic performance analysis for real-time avionics networks[J].Journal of Internet Technology, 2015, 16(7):1239-1250. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=ed2cd13dbbd401cd1dd630de76c2b2b5&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn [42] WU Z T, HUANG N, LI R Y, et al.A delay reliability estimation method for avionics full duplex switched Ethernet based on stochastic network calculus[J].Eksploatacja I Niezawodnosc-Maintenance and Reliability, 2015, 17(2):288-296. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=a22a1a390dfd7025b26b13462b4ad1e2&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn [43] PAREKH A K, GALLAGER R G.A generalized processor sharing approach to flow control in integrated services networks:The single-node case[J].IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 1993, 1(3):344-357. doi: 10.1109-90.234856/ [44] PAREKH A K, GALLAGHER R G.A generalized processor sharing approach to flow control in integrated services networks:The multiple node case[J].IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 1994, 2(2):137-150. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=ac5411654aacc5de9dcff9e65bb13c2b&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn [45] CRUZ R L.Quality of service guarantees in virtual circuit switched networks[J].IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 1995, 13(6):1048-1056. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=e62c80c8a478a4cdb8de770658a90756 [46] GRIEU J.Analyse et évaluation de techniques de commutation Ethernet pour l'interconnexion des systèmes avioniques[D].Toulouse: l'Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, 2004: 24-34. [47] BAUER H, SCHARBARG J L, FRABOUL C.Applying and optimizing trajectory approach for performance evaluation of AFDX avionics network[C]//2009 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation(ETFA).Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 2009: 1-8. [48] BOYER M, MIGGE J, NAVET N.A simple and efficient class of functions to model arrival curve of packetised flows[C]//1st International Workshop on Worst-case Traversal Time, in Conjunction with the 32nd IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium(RTSS 2011).New York: ACM Press, 2011: 43-50. [49] ZHAO L X, LI Q, XIONG Y, et al.Using multi-link grouping technique to achieve tight latency in network calculus[C]//2013 IEEE/AIAA 32nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC).Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 2013: 2E3-1-2E3-10. [50] LI X T, SCHARBARG J L, FRABOUL C.Improving end-to-end delay upper bounds on an AFDX network by integrating offsets in worst-case analysis[C]//2010 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA).Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 2010: 1-8. [51] 屠晓杰, 何锋, 熊华钢, 等.分布式IMA的网络分区方法及其实时性能分析[J].航空学报, 2013, 34(1):112-120. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hkxb201301014TU X J, HE F, XIONG H G, et al.Precise configuration of mixed message sets' transmission mode in network partition[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2013, 34(1):112-120(in Chinese). http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hkxb201301014 [52] STEINER W.Synthesis of static communication schedules for mixed-criticality systems[C]//2011 14th IEEE International Symposium on Object/Component/Service-oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing Workshops.Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 2011: 11-18. [53] HE F, ZHAO L, LI E S.Impact analysis of flow shaping in Ethernet-AVB/TSN and AFDX from network calculus and simulation perspective[J].Sensors, 2017, 17(5):1181. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=MDPI000000191810 [54] TU X J, LI Q, KOU M Y, et al.Management of dynamic airborne network using cloud computing[C]//2012 IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC).Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 2012: 4D6-1-4D6-8. [55] HE F, LI E S.Deterministic bound for avionics switched networks according to networking features using network calculus[J].Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 2017, 30(6):1941-1957. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=hkxb-e201706014 [56] CHANG C S, CHIU Y, SONG W T.On the performance of multiplexing independent regulated inputs[C]//ACM SIGMETRICS International Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems.New York: ACM Press, 2001: 184-193. [57] VOJNOVIC M, LE BOUDEC J Y.Stochastic analysis of some expedited forwarding networks[C]//21st Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies.Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 2002: 1004-1013. [58] VOJNOVIC M, LE BOUDEC J Y.Bounds for independent regulated inputs multiplexed in a service curve network element[J].IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2003, 51(5):735-740. [59] RIDOUARD F, SCHARBARG J L, FRABOUL C.Probabilistic upper bounds for heterogeneous flows using a static priority queueing on an AFDX network[C]//2008 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA).Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 2008: 1220-1227. [60] 赵露茜, 李峭, 林晚晴, 等.基于随机网络演算的TTE网络时延分析[J].航空学报, 2016, 37(6):1953-1962. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hkxb201606025ZHAO L X, LI Q, LIN W Q, et al.Stochastic network calculus for analysis of latency on TTEthernet network[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2016, 37(6):1953-1962(in Chinese). http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hkxb201606025 [61] BAUER H, SCHARBARG J L, FRABOUL C.Applying trajectory approach with static priority queuing for improving the use of available AFDX resources[J].Real-Time Systems, 2012, 48(1):101-133. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=9055508bcb8f00ad971b4d0ad91c0e18 [62] LEHOCZKY J P.Fixed priority scheduling of periodic task sets with arbitrary deadlines[C]//Proceedings 11th Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS2013).Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 2013: 201-209. [63] KEMAYO G, RIDOUARD F, BAUER H, et al.Optimism due to serialization in the trajectory approach for switched Ethernet networks[C]//Proceedings of the 7th Junior Researcher Workshop on Real-Time Computing.Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 2013: 13-16. [64] XIONG Y, HE F, LI X T, et al.Improving the serialisation of trajectory approach for switched Ethernet network[J].Electronics Letters, 2017, 53(13):845-847. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=63e13970d29c8af20b2001e6aeecd5e1&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn [65] LI X T, CROS O, GEORGE L.The trajectory approach for AFDX FIFO networks revisited and corrected[C]//20th IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications (RTCSA).Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 2014: 1-10. [66] LI X T.Worst-case delay analysis of real-time switched Ethernet networks with flow local synchronization[D].Toulouse: Université de Toulouse, 2013: 51-70. [67] LI X T, SCHARBARG J L, FRABOUL C.Analysis of the pessimism of the trajectory approach for upper bounding end-to-end delay of sporadic flows sharing a switched Ethernet network[C]//International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems (RTNS).New York: ACM Press, 2011: 149-158. [68] LI X T, GEORGE L.Deterministic delay analysis of AVB switched Ethernet networks using an extended trajectory approach[J].Real-Time Systems, 2017, 53(1):121-186. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=7a1e6ca4255bbee4339cb64bf4796d57 [69] TODOROV R H.Analysis and optimization of TTEthernet-based safety critical embedded systems[D].Copenhagen: Technical University of Denmark, 2010: 68-77. [70] BENAMMAR N, RIDOUARD F, BAUER H, et al.Forward end-to-end delay for AFDX networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2018, 14(3):858-865. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=e4fe569736cd1d6f34f37b6539a4e0e7&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn [71] TINDELL K W, BURNS A, WELLINGS A J.Allocating hard real-time tasks:An NP-hard problem made easy[J].Real-Time Systems, 1992, 4(2):145-165. doi: 10.1007-BF00365407/ [72] SPURI M.Holistic analysis for deadline scheduled real-time distributed systems: RR-2873[R].Paris: INRIA, 1996. [73] GUTIERREZ J J, PALENCIA J C, HARBOUR M G.Holistic schedulability analysis for multipacket messages in AFDX networks[J].Real-Time Systems, 2014, 50(2):230-269. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=76f5f4876e43ebf4249b86426792efb7 [74] MIFDAOUI A, FRANCES F, FRABOUL C.Real-time characteristics of switched Ethernet for "1553B"-embedded applications: Simulation and analysis[C]//International Symposium on Industrial Embedded Systems.Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 2007: 33-40. [75] WANG C Y, ZHOU F, ZHU Y L, et al.Simulation of fibre channel storage area network using SANSim[C]//The 11th IEEE International Conference on Networks.Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 2003: 349-354. [76] CHARARA H, SCHARBARG J L, ERMONT J, et al.Methods for bounding end-to-end delays on an AFDX network[C]//Proceedings of 18th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems.Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 2006: 1-10. [77] VERAN M, POTIER D.QNAP 2: A portable environment for queueing systems modeling: RR-0314[R].Paris: INRIA, 1984. [78] SCHARBARG J L, RIDOUARD F, FRABOUL C.A probabilistic analysis of end-to-end delays on an AFDX avionic network[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2009, 5(1):38-49. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=CC029650098 [79] SCHARBARG J, FRABOUL C.Simulation for end-to-end delays distribution on a switched Ethernet[C]//2007 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA).Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 2007: 1092-1099. [80] ABUTEIR M, OBERMAISSER R.Simulation environment for time-triggered Ethernet[C]//IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics.Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 2013: 642-648. [81] ALUR R, DILL D.Automata for modeling real-time systems[C]//International Colloqruium on Automata, Languages and Programming.Berlin: Springer, 1990: 322-335. [82] LARSEN K G, PETTERSSON P, YI W.UPPAAL in a nutshell[J].International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer (STTT), 1997, 1(1):134-152. doi: 10.1007-s100090050010/ [83] ADNAN M, SCHARBARG J L, ERMONT J, et al.An improved timed automata model for computing exact worst-case delays of AFDX periodic flows[C]//2011 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA).Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 2011: 1-4. [84] ADNAN M. Exact worst-case communication delay analysis of AFDX network[D].Toulouse: Université de Toulouse, 2013: 83-111. [85] RIDOUARD F, SCHARBARG J L, FRABOUL C.Stochastic network calculus for end-to-end delay evaluation of avionics multi-hop virtual links[J].IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 2007, 40(22):383-390. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=b3d4965c601ee5c79949c24221841654&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn -
下载:
点击查看大图
图(8) / 表(2)
计量
- 文章访问数: 1223
- HTML全文浏览量: 351
- PDF下载量: 876
- 被引次数: 0
