Effect of heating of turbine on the safety of carrier-based aircraft ski jump takeoff
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摘要:
针对发动机不暖机会产生推力损失，进而影响舰载机滑跃起飞安全的问题，分析了暖机与不暖机两种情况下舰载机起飞极限重量的差异。建立舰载机滑跃起飞动力学模型，根据滑跃起飞安全准则，利用飞行轨迹最小爬升率不小于零判定起飞极限重量，并在不同甲板风和大气温度下比较两种跑道暖机与不暖机起飞极限重量。结果表明：暖机对105 m短跑道滑跃起飞极限重量影响更大；随着甲板风的增大，舰载机暖机与不暖机滑跃起飞极限重量相对偏差逐渐减小，其中105 m跑道对应最大偏差和最小偏差分别为2.70%和2.44%，195 m跑道对应最大偏差和最小偏差分别为2.64%和2.40%；随着大气温度升高，舰载机暖机与不暖机滑跃起飞极限重量相对偏差变化趋势先增大后变缓，其中105 m跑道对应最大偏差和最小偏差分别为2.79%和2.56%，195 m跑道对应最大偏差和最小偏差分别为2.69%和2.46%。
Abstract:The turbine engine under unheated conditions produces thrust loss and influences the safety of carrier-based aircraft ski jump takeoff. The difference of the takeoff limit weight under heating and unheated conditions is analyzed. The dynamic model of carrier-based aircraft ski jump takeoff is established. According to the ski jump takeoff safety criterion, the takeoff limit weight is determined by the minimum climb rate in flight path, which is not less than zero. And the takeoff limit weight under heating and unheated conditions is compared when taking off from 105 m and 195 m runway with different deck wind and different air temperature. The results show that heating of turbine has a greater impact on the takeoff limit weight of 105 m short runway. With the increase of deck wind, the relative deviation of takeoff limit weight under heating and unheated conditions decreases gradually. The maximum and minimum deviation are 2.70% and 2.44% respectively when taking off from 105 m runway. The maximum and minimum deviation are 2.64% and 2.40% respectively when taking off from 195 m runway. With the increase of air temperature, the relative deviation of takeoff limit weight under heating and unheated conditions increases first and then slows down. The maximum and minimum deviation are 2.79% and 2.56% respectively when taking off from 105 m runway. The maximum and minimum deviation are 2.69% and 2.46% respectively when taking off from 195 m runway.
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Key words:
- heating of turbine /
- carrier-based aircraft /
- ski jump takeoff /
- dynamic model /
- takeoff limit weight /
- deck wind /
- air temperature
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图 1 飞机滑跃起飞不同阶段示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of different stages of aircraft ski jump takeoff
图 2 暖机与不暖机两种情况下不同起飞重量飞机起飞轨迹
Figure 2. Takeoff track of aircraft with different takeoff weight under heating and unheated conditions
图 3 不同起飞重量飞行轨迹和离舰后爬升率
Figure 3. Flight path and climb rate of aircraft with different takeoff weight
图 5 两种跑道暖机与不暖机起飞极限重量随甲板风变化
Figure 5. Variation of takeoff limit weight with deck wind under heating and unheated conditions on two runways
图 6 两种跑道暖机与不暖机起飞极限重量相对偏差随甲板风变化
Figure 6. Variation of takeoff limit weight relative deviation with deck wind under heating and unheated conditions on two runways
图 7 两种跑道暖机与不暖机起飞极限重量随大气温度的变化
Figure 7. Variation of takeoff limit weight with air temperature under heating and unheated conditions on two runways
图 8 两种跑道暖机与不暖机起飞极限重量相对偏差随大气温度变化
Figure 8. Variation of takeoff limit weight relative deviation with air temperature under heating and unheated conditions on two runways
表 1 105 m跑道不同甲板风下暖机与不暖机对应起飞极限重量
Table 1. Takeoff limit weight with different deck wind under heating and unheated conditions on 105 m runway
甲板风/(m·s-1) 暖机后起飞极限重量/kg 不暖机起飞极限重量/kg 相对偏差/% 0 24 070 23 420 2.70 3 25 150 24 480 2.66 6 26 260 25 580 2.59 9 27 420 26 720 2.55 12 28 620 27 910 2.48 15 29 880 29 150 2.44 
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表 2 195 m跑道不同甲板风下暖机与不暖机对应起飞极限重量
Table 2. Takeoff limit weight with different deck wind under heating and unheated conditions on 195 m runway
甲板风/(m·s-1) 暖机后起飞极限重量/kg 不暖机起飞极限重量/kg 相对偏差/% 0 29 950 29 160 2.64 3 31 130 30 330 2.57 6 32 330 31 510 2.54 9 33 490 32 660 2.48 12 34 660 33 810 2.45 15 35 800 34 940 2.40
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表 3 大气温度对空气密度的影响
Table 3. Influence of air temperature on air density
大气温度/℃ 空气密度/(kg·m-3) 0 1.293 5 1.270 10 1.248 15 1.226 20 1.205 25 1.185 30 1.165
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表 4 大气温度对发动机推力的影响
Table 4. Influence of air temperature on engine thrust
大气温度/℃ 暖机后推力相对值 不暖机推力相对值 0 1.079 4 1.040 5 5 1.052 6 1.013 1 10 1.029 3 0.989 6 15 1.000 0.961 7 20 0.964 1 0.926 5 25 0.926 7 0.890 8 30 0.890 9 0.856 3
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表 5 105 m跑道不同大气温度暖机与不暖机对应起飞极限重量
Table 5. Takeoff limit weight with different air temperature under heating and unheated conditions on 105 m runway
大气温度/℃ 暖机后起飞极限重量/kg 不暖机起飞极限重量/kg 相对偏差/% 0 25 830 25 170 2.56 5 25 230 24 560 2.66 10 24 700 24 030 2.71 15 24 070 23 420 2.70 20 23 330 22 680 2.79 25 22 570 21 950 2.75 30 21 830 21 230 2.75
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表 6 195 m跑道不同大气温度暖机与不暖机对应起飞极限重量
Table 6. Takeoff limit weight with different air temperature under heating and unheated conditions on 195 m runway
大气温度/℃ 暖机后起飞极限重量/kg 不暖机起飞极限重量/kg 相对偏差/% 0 32 120 31 330 2.46 5 31 380 30 580 2.55 10 30 730 29 920 2.64 15 29 950 29 160 2.64 20 29 040 28 260 2.69 25 28 110 27 360 2.67 30 27 210 26 480 2.68
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