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摘要:
收发平台分置于地球同步轨道（GEO）和无人机（UAV）的GEO-UAV空天双基合成孔径雷达（SAR）系统能够实现对重点观测区域高精度、高时相的观测，二维分辨能力为其重要的系统指标。针对GEO-UAV空天双基SAR的二维分辨能力进行了分析：首先，基于梯度法给出了空天双基SAR矢量化的二维分辨率的计算方法；其次，基于GEO-UAV空天双基SAR的构型计算了其距离分辨率、方位分辨率以及二维分辨矢量夹角；最后，基于系统的二维分辨能力提出了GEO-UAV空天双基SAR的构型设计准则，通过点目标仿真对该准则的有效性进行了验证。所提设计准则能够为GEO-UAV空天双基SAR的系统设计提供有力支撑。
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关键词:
- 合成孔径雷达(SAR) /
- 双基雷达 /
- 星机双基SAR /
- SAR分辨率 /
- 梯度法
Abstract:Mounted on the Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) and Unmanned Aerial Vehiclel (UAV) platforms, the GEO-UAV bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) can achieve precise and quick observation on the interested areas. The two-dimensional resolution ability is important performance metrics. The analysis on the two-dimensional resolution ability of GEO-UAV bistatic SAR is given. First, the calculation method of bistatic SAR vectored two-dimensional resolution based on the gradient method is given. Then, the range resolution, azimuth resolution and the angle between the azimuth and range vector are calculated according to the configuration of the GEO-UAV bistatic SAR. Finally, based on the two-dimensional resolution ability of the system, a configuration criterion for GEO-UAV bistatic SAR is proposed, which is verified via experiments on simulated point targets. The proposed configuration criterion is beneficial to the system design of GEO-UAV bistatic SAR.
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图 3 不同接收机入射角下GEO-UAV空天双基SAR的距离向分辨率随观测角的变化(ΘT=45°)
Figure 3. Range resolution curves of GEO-UAV bistatic SAR changing with observation angle under different receiver incidence angles (ΘT=45°)
图 5 GEO-UAV空天双基SAR的方位向分辨率随观测角和速度夹角的变化
Figure 5. Azimuth resolution of GEO-UAV bistatic SAR at different observation angles and velocity angles
图 6 GEO-UAV空天双基SAR的二维分辨矢量夹角随观测角和速度夹角的变化
Figure 6. Two-dimensional resolution vector angle of GEO-UAV bistatic SAR at different observation angles and velocity angles
图 7 满足式(16)中构型设计准则的GEO-UAV空天双基SAR可行观测角
Figure 7. Feasible observation angle of GEO-UAV bistatic SAR under configuration criteria in Eq.(16)
图 8 不同观测角下GEO-UAV空天双基SAR点目标成像结果(UAV SAR采用正侧视模式)
Figure 8. Point target contours of GEO-UAV bistatic SAR at different observation angles (UAV SAR in side-looking mode)
表 1 GEO-UAV空天双基SAR参数
Table 1. Parameters of GEO-UAV bistatic SAR
参数 发射机 接收机 波长/m 0.24 0.24 带宽/MHz 250 250 接收天线长度/m 0.75 0.75 平台高度/km 35786 500 平台运动速度/(m·s-1) 30 65 地面入射角/(°) 45 35 
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