评估法兰结构螺栓松动的改进损伤指标研究

唐涛; 华明军; 姜勰; 张玉祥; 张鑫

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2019.0649

评估法兰结构螺栓松动的改进损伤指标研究

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2019.0649

中国人民解放军火箭军工程大学导弹工程学院, 西安 710025

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金 51975581

详细信息

作者简介:
唐涛男, 博士研究生。主要研究方向:结构健康监测

张玉祥男, 博士, 教授, 博士生导师。主要研究方向:结构健康监测

通讯作者:
张玉祥, E-mail: yuxiangz@tom.com

中图分类号: V19;TB381;TM282
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-12-29
- 录用日期: 2020-03-02
- 网络出版日期: 2021-01-20

Research on Improved damage index for evaluating bolt looseness of flange structures

The Missile Institute of Engineering, Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi'an 710025, China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China 51975581

More Information

Corresponding author: ZHANG Yuxiang, E-mail: yuxiangz@tom.com

摘要

摘要:
基于压电阻抗法的采用统计学参数作为损伤指标评估螺栓松动的方法有着广泛的应用，然而采用该方法的试验对象多数为实验室条件下的板等结构，并非真实结构。因此，针对真实的法兰结构，这些损伤指标是否适用、是否需要改进仍需进一步研究。通过实验，得出不同损伤指标与法兰结构螺栓松动之间的规律：螺栓松动的程度越大位置越近，均方根偏差（RMSD）、平均绝对百分比偏差（MAPD）、相关系数差（CCD）的值越大，而指标R_y/R_x因无显著规律不适合作为评估法兰结构螺栓松动的损伤指标。通过对比结果发现：结构差异对前3个损伤指标均有不同程度的影响，改进后的损伤指标均方根变化率（RMSCR）只与法兰结构螺栓松动的位置和程度有关，受结构差异影响小。因此，RMSCR具有重要实践意义：当任一压电片损坏时只需更换为同型号的压电片即可，无需更新损伤指标库。通过实验验证了上述结果的正确性与基于RMSCR的法兰结构螺栓松动检测方法的适用性。
- 螺栓松动检测 /
- 法兰结构 /
- 压电阻抗法 /
- 损伤指标 /
- 均方根变化率(RMSCR)
Abstract:
The method based on the piezoelectric impedance method using statistical parameters as the damage index to evaluate loose bolt has a wide range of applications. However, most of the test objects adopting this method are structures such as plates under laboratory conditions, which are not real structures. Therefore, for real flange structures, whether these damage indexes are still applicable and whether these damage indexes need to be improved need further study. The rules between different damage indexes and loose bolt of flange structure are obtained through experiments:the larger the degree of bolt looseness is and the closer the position is, the larger the values of the Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD), the Mean Absolute Percent Deviation (MAPD), and the Correlation Coefficient Difference (CCD) are, and R_y/R_x is not suitable to be used as a damage index for evaluating the loose bolt of flange structures because it has not a significant rule. The comparison of results shows that the structural difference affects the first three damage indicators to different degrees, and the improved damage index Root Mean Square of Change Rate (RMSCR) is only related to the position and degree of the loose bolt of flange structures, which is barely affected by the structural difference. Hence, the RMSCR has a crucial practical significance:when any piezoelectric sheet is damaged, it only needs to be replaced with a piezoelectric sheet of the same type without updating the damage index library. Finally, verification experiments verify the correctness of the above results and the applicability of the detection method for loose bolt of flange structure based on RMSCR.
- bolt looseness detection /
- flange structure /
- piezoelectric impedance method /
- damage index /
- Root Mean Square of Change Rate (RMSCR)

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图 1 压电阻抗法原理图

Figure 1. Schematic of piezoelectric impedance method

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图 2 实验原理图

Figure 2. Schematic of experiment

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图 3 实验装置

Figure 3. Experimental device

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图 4 压电片1不同工况下的阻抗谱曲线

Figure 4. Impedance spectrum curves of piezoelectric sensor 1 under different working conditions

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图 5 RMSD曲线

Figure 5. Curves of RMSD

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图 6 MAPD曲线

Figure 6. Curves of MAPD

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图 7 CCD曲线

Figure 7. Curves of CCD

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图 8 R_y/R_x曲线

Figure 8. Curves of R_y/R_x

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图 9 RMSCR曲线图

Figure 9. Curve of RMSCR

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图 10 螺栓松动定位示意图

Figure 10. Schematic diagram of positioning bolt looseness

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图 11 压电片布局

Figure 11. Layout of piezoelectric sheet

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图 12 RMSD直方图

Figure 12. Histogram of RMSD

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图 13 MAPD直方图

Figure 13. Histogram of MAPD

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图 14 CCD直方图

Figure 14. Histogram of CCD

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图 15 R_y/R_x直方图

Figure 15. Histogram of R_y/R_x

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图 16 RMSCR直方图

Figure 16. Histogram of RMSCR

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表 1 损伤指标RMSD

Table 1. Damage index RMSD

压电片编号	螺栓预紧力矩/(N·m)
压电片编号	40	35	30	25	20	15	10	5	0
1	0.003	0.052	0.066	0.071	0.076	0.085	0.088	0.090	0.104
2	0.002	0.050	0.073	0.080	0.086	0.096	0.098	0.101	0.106
3	0.003	0.044	0.060	0.066	0.071	0.076	0.078	0.079	0.085
4	0.003	0.032	0.044	0.047	0.050	0.054	0.054	0.056	0.064
5	0.001	0.023	0.031	0.036	0.041	0.042	0.044	0.047	0.059

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表 2 损伤指标MAPD

Table 2. Damage index MAPD

压电片编号	螺栓预紧力矩/(N·m)
压电片编号	40	35	30	25	20	15	10	5	0
1	1.05	15.02	20.38	22.61	23.57	25.51	26.56	26.95	30.99
2	0.81	13.48	19.76	21.61	23.82	26.78	27.44	28.46	31.32
3	1.35	12.17	15.44	17.43	19.23	21.07	21.63	22.34	25.08
4	0.91	9.44	14.41	15.15	16.33	18.40	17.69	18.57	20.19
5	0.45	7.23	9.59	10.61	11.79	12.93	13.47	14.06	16.71

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表 3 损伤指标CCD

Table 3. Damage index CCD

压电片编号	螺栓预紧力矩/(N·m)
压电片编号	40	35	30	25	20	15	10	5	0
1	0.003	0.011	0.016	0.018	0.020	0.025	0.027	0.028	0.036
2	0.003	0.011	0.020	0.024	0.028	0.034	0.035	0.037	0.040
3	0.003	0.006	0.010	0.011	0.013	0.014	0.015	0.015	0.017
4	0.003	0.005	0.008	0.009	0.010	0.011	0.011	0.011	0.014
5	0.003	0.004	0.004	0.005	0.006	0.006	0.006	0.007	0.009

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表 4 损伤指标R_y/R_x

Table 4. Damage index R_y/R_x

压电片编号	螺栓预紧力矩/(N·m)
压电片编号	40	35	30	25	20	15	10	5	0
1	0.001	0.002	0.004	0.009	0.008	0.008	0.008	0.005	0.010
2	0.000	0.002	0.001	0.003	0.006	0.006	0.009	0.004	0.004
3	0.000	0.005	0.001	0.000	0.001	0.003	0.004	0.001	0.004
4	0.000	0.001	0.005	0.005	0.004	0.004	0.005	0.005	0.002
5	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.002	0.003	0.002	0.001	0.000	0.007

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表 5 损伤指标RMSCR

Table 5. Damage index RMSCR

压电片编号	螺栓预紧力矩/(N·m)
压电片编号	40	35	30	25	20	15	10	5	0
1	0.005	0.051	0.069	0.075	0.080	0.090	0.093	0.093	0.107
2	0.004	0.050	0.067	0.073	0.080	0.089	0.092	0.095	0.105
3	0.005	0.041	0.056	0.063	0.067	0.072	0.073	0.076	0.084
4	0.004	0.034	0.049	0.053	0.057	0.063	0.063	0.065	0.071
5	0.002	0.026	0.033	0.036	0.042	0.045	0.046	0.049	0.061

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表 6 验证实验中的损伤指标RMSD

Table 6. Damage index RMSD in verification experiment

压电片编号	螺栓预紧力矩/(N·m)
压电片编号	40(1#)	20(1#)	0(1#)	40(2#)	20(2#)	0(2#)	40(3#)	20(3#)	0(3#)	40(4#)	20(4#)	0(4#)
1	0.001	0.063	0.081	0.001	0.037	0.046	0	0.035	0.046	0.001	0.064	0.083
2	0.002	0.053	0.069	0.002	0.055	0.067	0.001	0.027	0.038	0.001	0.026	0.039

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表 7 验证实验中的损伤指标MAPD

Table 7. Damage index MAPD in verification experiment

压电片编号	螺栓预紧力矩/(N·m)
压电片编号	40(1#)	20(1#)	0(1#)	40(2#)	20(2#)	0(2#)	40(3#)	20(3#)	0(3#)	40(4#)	20(4#)	0(4#)
1	0.573	10.11	15.32	0.678	6.730	9.019	0.640	7.012	9.181	0.550	10.07	14.89
2	0.434	8.630	13.61	0.672	8.441	13.49	0.511	5.981	7.873	0.512	5.871	7.903

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表 8 验证实验中的损伤指标CCD

Table 8. Damage index CCD in verification experiment

压电力编号	螺栓预紧力矩/(N·m)
压电力编号	40(1#)	20(1#)	0(1#)	40(2#)	20(2#)	0(2#)	40(3#)	20(3#)	0(3#)	40(4#)	20(4#)	0(4#)
1	0.002	0.089	0.110	0.002	0.041	0.062	0.001	0.044	0.063	0.002	0.086	0.107
2	0.002	0.063	0.093	0.001	0.067	0.096	0.001	0.031	0.043	0.002	0.034	0.045

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表 9 验证实验中的损伤指标R_y/R_x

Table 9. Damage index R_y/R_x in verification experiment

压电片编号	螺栓预紧力矩/(N·m)
压电片编号	40(1#)	20(1#)	0(1#)	40(2#)	20(2#)	0(2#)	40(3#)	20(3#)	0(3#)	40(4#)	20(4#)	0(4#)
1	0.001	0.031	0.037	0.002	0.027	0.028	0.001	0.024	0.021	0.000	0.034	0.041
2	0.000	0.035	0.040	0.001	0.043	0.041	0.001	0.030	0.028	0.002	0.028	0.031

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表 10 验证实验中的损伤指标RMSCR

Table 10. Damage index RMSCR in verification experiment

压电片编号	螺栓预紧力矩/(N·m)
压电片编号	40(1#)	20(1#)	0(1#)	40(2#)	20(2#)	0(2#)	40(3#)	20(3#)	0(3#)	40(4#)	20(4#)	0(4#)
1	0.023	0.427	0.489	0.021	0.302	0.344	0.018	0.297	0.351	0.015	0.420	0.487
2	0.021	0.430	0.495	0.024	0.427	0.489	0.020	0.289	0.346	0.015	0.291	0.350

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