Face micro-deformation and its control method of rotating ring of hydrodynamic face seal under high speed, high pressure and wide temperature range
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摘要:
针对高速高压高温/低温工况下动压密封变形问题，以动压密封的典型结构为研究对象，考虑动环的支撑和约束，建立热固耦合分析模型，研究热载荷、力载荷和约束对动环端面微变形的影响，并提出动环端面微变形改善方法。结果表明：多载荷共同作用时，温差对动环端面微变形影响最大，其次是转速和压力；在2种情况下，动环端面微变形受温度值的影响很小，主要与温差有关；相比低温，动环端面微变形更易受高温的影响，单位温差的变形变化量为3~4倍；动环形心距旋转中心越远，动环端面微变形受转速影响越大，且呈抛物线关系；动环端面微变形与压差呈线性关系。对高速高压宽温域的动压密封，控制动环端面微变形，首先，应降低动环的温差；其次，若转速够高，应适当增加动环厚度，通过扩大形心变化区域能增加86%的动环端面微变形范围，若转速不够高，通过合理的结构设计约束动环内表面以控制动环翻转，最大能降低65.2%的动环端面微变形；最后，合理设计的轴向压紧力能进一步确保动环端面微变形维持在极小范围内。
Abstract:Aimed at the deformation of hydrodynamic face seal under high speed, high pressure and high/low temperature conditions, a thermal-solid coupling model of typical structure of hydrodynamic face seal is established, and the support and constraints of rotating ring are considered. The face micro-deformation caused by thermal loads, force and constraints are analyzed, and its control methods are proposed. The results show that, when multiple loads act together, temperature difference has the greatest influence on face micro-deformation, followed by the rotational speed and pressure. In two cases, the face micro-deformation of rotating ring is mainly affected by the temperature difference rather than the temperature. Face micro-deformation is more susceptible to high temperature, and the change of face micro-deformation per unit temperature difference is 3-4 times that of low temperature. The farther the centroid of rotating ring is from the rotating center, the greater the influence of the rotational speed on the face micro-deformation is, and it has a parabolic relationship. The face micro-deformation has a linear relationship with the pressure difference. For high-speed, high-pressure, and wide-temperature-range hydrodynamic face seals, controlling the face micro-deformation should first reduce the temperature difference between the inner and outer surfaces of the rotating ring. Under high-speed conditions, the thickness of rotating ring should be appropriately increased, and the deformation range can be increased by 86% by expanding the centroid change area. Under low-speed conditions, the inner surface of rotating ring is restrained by reasonable structure design, which can control the turning of rotating ring and reduce the face micro-deformation by 65.2% at most. The axial clamping force designed reasonably can further ensure that the face micro-deformation is kept in a minimum range.
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图 1 动压密封的基本结构及动环结构
Figure 1. Basic structure of hydrodynamic face seal and structure of rotating ring
图 2 柱坐标系与边界条件示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of cylindrical coordinates and boundary conditions
图 4 不同温差的动环轴向位移和端面微变形
Figure 4. Axial displacement and face micro-deformation of rotating ring under different temperature differences
图 5 不同温度值的动环端面微变形
Figure 5. Face micro-deformation of rotating ring under different temperatures
图 6 不同转速的动环轴向位移和端面微变形
Figure 6. Axial displacement and face micro-deformation of rotating ring under different rotational speeds
图 7 不同压差的动环轴向位移和端面微变形
Figure 7. Axial displacement and face micro-deformation of rotating ring under different pressure differences
图 8 多载荷共同作用下动环端面微变形
Figure 8. Face micro-deformation of rotating ring under multiple loads
图 9 轴向压紧力对动环端面微变形的影响
Figure 9. Face micro-deformation of rotating ring under different clamping loads
图 10 形心位置与动环端面微变形的关系
Figure 10. Relationship between centroid position and face micro-deformation of rotating ring
表 1 动环结构参数及动环结构形式
Table 1. Structural parameters of rotating ring and structure form of rotating ring
参数 数值 轴径d1/mm 50 定位环外径d2/mm 58 动环外径d3/mm 76 压紧环外径d4/mm 55 结构Ⅰ动环尾部外径d5/mm 57 结构Ⅰ动环厚度δ1/mm 10 结构Ⅱ、Ⅲ动环厚度δ2/mm 6 定位环厚度δ3/mm 4 结构Ⅰ背部倾斜角α1/(°) 15 结构Ⅱ背部倾斜角α2/(°) 25 
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表 2 载荷、约束与温度边界条件
Table 2. Load, constraint and temperature boundary conditions
边界 载荷与约束 温度 AB 零压力 T2 BC 零压力 T2 CD pcla + padd T2 DE 零压力 T2 EF 0.82p1 + ps FG p1 T1 GA 约束轴向(z向)位移 绝热
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表 3 操作参数
Table 3. Operating parameters
参数 数值 外壁面温度T1/℃ -200~300 内壁面温度T2/℃ -200~300 介质压力p1/MPa 0~20 轴向压紧力pcla/MPa 25~100 转速ω/(r·min-1) 0~100 000
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表 4 材料属性
Table 4. Material properties
物理性能 GH4169 S30408 弹性模量E/GPa 205 193 泊松比μ 0.3 0.3 导热系数
k/(W·(m·℃)-1)13.4 17.2 恒压热容
Cp/(J·(kg·℃)-1)435 500 线膨胀系数
αl/(10-6·℃-1)11.8 (20~100 ℃)
13.0 (20~200 ℃)
13.5 (20~300 ℃)16.0 (20~100 ℃)
16.8 (20~200 ℃)
17.5 (20~300 ℃)密度ρ/(kg·m-3) 8 240 7 930
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表 5 验证性参数
Table 5. Confirmatory parameters
参数 数值 内面板半径Ri/mm 109 外面板半径Re/mm 153 外半径R0/mm 156 水力半径Rh/mm 122 转速ω/(r·min-1) 1 500 出口压力pi/MPa 0.55 入口压力po/MPa 15.5 密封圈的弹性模量E1/GPa 310 钢的弹性模量E2/GPa 200 密封圈导热系数k1/(W·(m·℃)-1) 22 钢的导热系数k2/(W·(m·℃)-1) 30 密封圈的线膨胀系数β1/(10-6 ℃-1) 2.5 钢的线膨胀系数β2/(10-6 ℃-1) 12 螺钉预紧力Fpre/N 8×5 000
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