航天员出舱可伸缩安全系绳设计与验证

孙启臣; 姜坤; 王海亮; 张子岚; 秦俊杰; 王露斯

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2020.0184

航天员出舱可伸缩安全系绳设计与验证

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2020.0184

1.
北京卫星制造厂有限公司, 北京 100093
2.
中国航天员科研训练中心, 北京 100093

详细信息

通讯作者:
王露斯. E-mail: 335808408@qq.com

中图分类号: V476.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-05-14
- 录用日期: 2020-07-18
- 网络出版日期: 2021-07-20

Design and verification of an adjustable length safety tether for astronaut extravehicular activities

1.
Beijing Spacecraft, Beijing 100093, China
2.
China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100093, China

More Information

Corresponding author: WANG Lusi. E-mail: 335808408@qq.com

摘要

摘要:
随着中国神舟飞船系列任务和空间站建设任务的稳步进行，中国航天员将面临频繁的在轨出舱作业任务，航天员出舱活动范围将逐渐增大，作业位置也将频繁变换，传统安全绳已无法满足使用要求。提出了一种基于恒力矩弹簧驱动的航天员出舱可伸缩安全系绳设计方案，并优化设计方法。对可伸缩安全系绳的核心部分——驱动单元进行设计，研制航天员出舱可伸缩安全系绳样机，并完成功能性能、环境适应性和驱动单元寿命试验验证。结果表明：所提方案可顺利完成钢丝绳收放，且实测收绳力、放绳力与理论值基本吻合。方案具有体积小、质量轻、可耐大量级振动和高低温环境等优点，其驱动单元满足10 000次的长寿命使用要求，可用于后续工程产品中。
- 航天员 /
- 安全系绳 /
- 可伸缩 /
- 恒力矩弹簧 /
- 长寿命
Abstract:
With the steady progress of Shenzhou spaceship series tasks and space station construction tasks in China, Chinese astronauts are facing frequent extravehicular activities, the range of astronauts' extravehicular activities will gradually increase, and the operation position of astronauts will change frequently. The traditional safety tether can not operation the requirements. In this paper, a design scheme of an adjustable length safety tether for astronaut extravehicular activities driven by constant force spring is put forward, the design method is optimized, and the detailed design of the driving unit which is the core part of the safety tether is performed. Finally, the prototype of safety tether is developed, and the functional performance test, environmental adaptability test and driving unit life test are completed. The results show that the scheme of the safety tether can successfully complete the retraction and release of steel wire rope, and the measured retracting force and pulling force are basically consistent with the theoretical values. It has the advantages of small volume, light weight, and resistance to a large number of levels of vibration and high and low temperature environment. The driving unit can meet the requirements of 10 000 times of long-life use. The scheme of the safety tether can be used in subsequent engineering products.
- astronaut /
- safety tether /
- adjustable length /
- constant force spring /
- long service life

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图 1 可伸缩安全系绳构型

Figure 1. Prototype of adjustable length safety tether configuration

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图 2 可伸缩安全系绳工作原理

Figure 2. Operating principle of adjustable length safety tether

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图 3 恒力矩弹簧原理

Figure 3. Principle of constant torque spring

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图 4 恒力矩弹簧设计流程

Figure 4. Constant torque spring design flow

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图 5 前六阶振型分析结果

Figure 5. Analysis results of the first six modes

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图 6 各零部件应力分布

Figure 6. Stress distribution of each component

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图 7 可伸缩安全系绳原理样机实物图

Figure 7. Schematic diagram of principle prototype of adjustable length safety tether

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图 8 各模式下性能曲线

Figure 8. Performance curves in various modes

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图 9 正弦、随机振动试验

Figure 9. Sinusoidal, random vibration test

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图 10 力学试验前后收绳力和拉绳力测试结果

Figure 10. Test results of rope pulling force and rope pulling force before and after mechanical test

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图 11 热循环试验

Figure 11. Thermal cycle test

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图 12 热循环试验高温工况下收绳力和拉绳力测试结果

Figure 12. Test results of rope pulling force and rope pulling force under high temperature condition in thermal cycle test

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图 13 热循环试验低温工况下收绳力和拉绳力测试结果

Figure 13. Test results of retracting force and retracting force under low temperature conditions in thermal cycle test

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图 14 寿命试验系统组成

Figure 14. Composition of life test system

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图 15 恒力矩弹簧寿命试验曲线

Figure 15. Life test curves of constant torque spring

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表 1 恒力矩弹簧设计参数

Table 1. Design parameters of constant torque spring

参数	数值
输出卷筒直径/mm	80
弹簧自由状态下的内径/mm	44
弹簧厚度/mm	0.25
弹簧宽度/mm	16
第1圈输出力矩/(N·m)	0.393
第45圈输出力矩/(N·m)	0.428
输入卷筒直径/mm	46
卷筒中心距/mm	116
弹簧工作应力/ MPa	1 544~1 672

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表 2 部分参数实测值

Table 2. Measured values of some parameters

参数		数值
卷绳筒卷绕直径/mm	第1~3圈	75
	第4~9圈	80
	第10~15圈	85
	第16~21圈	90
	第22~27圈	96
	第28~33圈	101
	第34~38圈	106
滑轮平均阻力/N		1.32
绳口平均阻力/N		0.85
棘轮平均阻力/N		1.13

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表 3 收绳力、拉绳力理论值

Table 3. Theoretical values of rope pulling force and rope pulling force

拉出绳长/m	弹簧工作圈数	卷绳筒卷绕直径/mm	“收放”模式收绳力/N	“收放”模式拉绳力/N	“只放”模式拉绳力/N
1.1	5	0.106	5.3	9.7	10.8
1.9	8	0.101	5.7	10.1	11.2
3.0	12	0.096	6.2	10.5	11.7
4.1	16	0.096	6.3	10.6	11.7
5.1	20	0.09	6.9	11.2	12.4
5.9	23	0.09	6.9	11.3	12.4
7.0	27	0.085	7.6	11.9	13.0
8.1	31	0.08	8.2	12.6	13.7
8.9	34	0.08	8.3	12.6	13.8
10.0	38	0.075	9.1	13.4	14.6
注：随拉出钢丝绳长度增加，弹簧工作圈数增加，卷绳筒卷绕直径减小，因此收绳力与拉绳力会发生变化。

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表 4 正弦振动试验条件

Table 4. Sinusoidal vibration test conditions

频率范围/Hz	幅值
频率范围/Hz	验收级	鉴定级
4~10	14.7 mm	22 mm
10~17	3.6 g	5.4 g
17~60	8 g	12 g
60~100	3.8 g	5.6 g
加载扫描率	4 oct/min	2 oct/min
加载方向	3个轴向
注：oct为倍频程。

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表 5 随机振动试验条件

Table 5. Random vibration test conditions

频率范围/Hz	鉴定级	验收级
10~50	3 dB/oct	3 dB/oct
50~300	0.25 g²/Hz	0.1 g²/Hz
300~2 000	-12 dB/oct
总均方根加速度(grms)	9.68	6.11
加载时间(s·轴^-1)	120	60
加载方向	3个轴向
注：g为重力加速度，rms为均方根。

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参考文献(16)

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