High-altitude floating mechanism and vertical trajectory simulation of double-layer latex balloon
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摘要:
双层乳胶气球克服了单层乳胶气球的缺点，可以在高空平漂以实现持续气象观测，但是其高空平漂受多因素影响比较复杂，特别是气球充气量主要依赖工程经验，施放成功率不高，亟需提供理论指导。通过试验数据证明了浮重平衡是双层乳胶气球实现高空平漂的必要条件，推导得出内、外球氢气充气量和昼夜温度变化对其运动的影响；建立了双层乳胶气球的几何模型和动力学模型，结合实地施放试验，对其升空和平漂过程轨迹进行模拟，由此探究了内、外球充气量对平漂高度的影响。研究结果表明：内球充气量是决定平漂高度的主要因素，并受昼夜温度变化影响，当内、外球规格分别为750g、500g，负载约1kg时，内球拉力每增大或减小0.04kg，最终平漂高度将对应升高或降低约5km，而外球充气量对其平漂高度无影响。
Abstract:The double-layer latex balloon overcomes the shortcomings of the single-layer latex balloon and can float at high altitude with long time to achieve continuous meteorological observation. However, its high-altitude floating mechanism influenced by multiple factors is much more complicated. In particular, the determination of the Amount of Hydrogen (AoH) needed mainly depends on engineering experience currently, resulting in a high probability of failure, so it is urgent to study the theory behind phenomenon. The test data prove that the balance of buoyancy and gravity is a necessary condition for the double-layer latex balloon to achieve high-altitude floating. The influences of the AoH in inner and outer balloon, and diurnal temperature variation on the motion of the balloon were derived. The geometric model and the dynamic model of the double-layer latex balloon were established. Combined with the test data of balloon release process, the trajectories during ascent and horizontal floating process were simulated. The influence of the AoH on the floating altitude was explored, and it is proved that the AoH in inner balloon is the key factor that determines the floating altitude, and is affected by the diurnal temperature variation. When the operating load is about 1 kg and the inner and outer balloon specifications are set to 750 g and 500 g respectively, the ultimate horizontal floating altitude will increase or decrease by around 5 km for every 0.04 kg weight change in pull force of inner balloon, while the AoH in outer balloon has no effect on its floating altitude.
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图 2 双层乳胶气球上升与平漂过程示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of ascent and horizontal floating section of double-layer latex balloon
图 3 2019年10月29日晚湖南怀化施放试验数据
Figure 3. Test data during balloon release in Huaihua, Hunan in evening of October 29, 2019
图 4 白天测得的球内外气体温度数据
Figure 4. Temperature data of gas inside and outside balloon measured in day
图 5 球皮内外温度数据分段线性拟合
Figure 5. Piecewise linear fitting of temperature data inside and outside balloon film
图 6 双层乳胶气球垂直轨迹的实验数据与模拟数据对比
Figure 6. Comparison between test data and simulation data of vertical trajectories for double-layer latex balloon
图 7 不同内拉力对应的双层乳胶气球垂直轨迹
Figure 7. Vertical trajectories of double-layer latex balloon corresponding to different pull forces of inner balloon
图 8 不同外拉力对应的双层乳胶气球垂直轨迹
Figure 8. Vertical trajectories of double-layer latex balloon corresponding to different pull forces of outer balloon
表 1 地面处测得的球重、负载、拉力等数据
Table 1. Balloon weight, load, pull force and other data measured on ground
参数 外球重/kg 内球重/kg 内拉力/kg 外拉力/kg 负载/kg 数值 0.556 0.778 0.313 2.587 0.970 5 
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