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摘要:
大尺寸渐开线样板加工困难，测量更加困难，导致大齿轮的量值传递成为难题。采用圆弧代替渐开线齿廓，构造了新型大尺寸渐开线样板——双轴式圆弧型大尺寸渐开线样板。提出了新型大尺寸渐开线样板的工作原理，研究了样板的设计方法，建立了样板的原理误差模型，提出了双轴式圆弧型大尺寸渐开线样板可评定的齿轮测量仪器单项误差项，以及使用样板评定齿轮测量仪器的齿面偏差测量性能的方法。为验证所提工作原理的可行性，加工了原理验证样板，实验结果表明：加工的双轴式圆弧型大尺寸渐开线样板，其测量得到的原理误差曲线与理论的原理误差曲线整体趋势一致，都为驼峰状，证明了双轴式圆弧型大尺寸渐开线样板的原理误差模型建立的准确性和可行性；在评定范围内，整个评定偏差曲线幅值为45.5 μm，对应产生的压力角误差为1.34 μm/rad；证明了双轴式圆弧型大尺寸渐开线样板的圆弧选取准则、中心距的设计模型和圆弧半径的设计模型的正确性。研究成果为大齿轮的量值传递提供了研究思路。
Abstract:Due to the difficulty of machining large-size involute artifact, it is even more difficult to measure, and as a result, the transmission of values in large gears has always been a problem. In this paper, an arc is used instead of involute tooth profile to construct a new type of large-size involute artifact—the double-axis arc-shaped large-size involute artifact. The principle of the new large-size involute artifact is introduced, the design method of the artifact is studied, the principle error model of the artifact is established, the single error of the gear measuring instrument which can be evaluated by the double-axis arc-shaped large-size involute artifact is proposed, and the method of evaluating the tooth surface deviation measuring performance of the gear measuring instrument by using the artifact is presented. In order to verify the feasibility, an artifact for testing principle was processed, and the experimental results show that the measured principle error curve of the processed double-axis arc-shaped large-size involute artifact is consistent with the overall trend of the theoretical principle error curve, which is hump-shaped, proving the accuracy and feasibility of the establishment of the principle error model of the artifact. The magnitude of the entire assessment deviation curve is 45.5 μm within the assessment range, corresponding to a resulting pressure angle error of 1.34 μm /rad. The experimental results also demonstrate the correctness of the arc selection criterion, the design model of center distance and the design model of arc radius for the double-axis arc-shaped large-size involute artifact. The paper provides theoretical support for establishing the value transfer of the large gear.
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Key words:
- involute artifact /
- gear measuring instruments /
- gear measurement method /
- large gear /
- value transfer
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图 1 双轴式圆弧型大尺寸渐开线样板的原理误差示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of principle error of double-axis arc-shaped large-size involute artifact
图 3 双轴式圆弧型大尺寸渐开线样板结构
1—测量中心轴;2—定心轴;3—框架;4—基准块;5—V型块;6—夹箍。
Figure 3. Structure of double-axis arc-shaped large-size involute artifact
图 9 双轴式圆弧型大尺寸渐开线样板实验
Figure 9. Experiment of double-axis arc-shaped large-size involute artifact
表 1 不同样板参数对应的绝对值最大原理误差
Table 1. Absolute maximum principle error corresponding to different artifact parameters
齿数 模数/mm 绝对值最大原理误差/mm 28 4 0.231 2 28 8 0.379 2 28 12 0.532 2 28 16 0.686 4 28 20 0.841 0 28 24 0.995 9 28 28 1.151 0 28 32 1.306 2 
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