高速干摩擦机械密封的端面变形及摩擦磨损

马润梅; 赵祥; 陈潇竹; 李双喜; 杨海超

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2021.0005

高速干摩擦机械密封的端面变形及摩擦磨损

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2021.0005

北京化工大学流体密封技术研究中心, 北京 100029

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划 2018YFB2000800

详细信息

通讯作者:
李双喜, E-mail: buctlsx@126.com

中图分类号: V219;TB42
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-01-06
- 录用日期: 2021-01-29
- 网络出版日期: 2021-02-19
- 整期出版日期: 2022-07-20

End face deformation and friction and wear of high-speed dry friction mechanical seal

Research Center of Fluid Sealing Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China

Funds:

National Key R & D Program of China 2018YFB2000800

More Information

Corresponding author: LI Shuangxi, E-mail: buctlsx@126.com

摘要

摘要:
针对机械密封在高速干摩擦状态下，因设计不当产生端面过度变形和磨损而引起的密封失效问题，建立了热-结构耦合数值计算模型，分析了密封的温度场和端面变形。试验测试了静环温升，分析了动静环端面特征，探讨了高速干摩擦状态下的磨损机制。研究结果表明：建立的有限元模型能准确地预测密封的温度和端面变形，计算值和试验值相差小于11%；密封端面峰值温度对转速更敏感，随着运转时间的延长，温度先迅速增加后逐渐变缓；静环易产生锥度变形，造成端面接触压力和磨损不均匀，静环座的“匡正”作用能够改善这类变形；摩擦转移膜的存在状态对密封的温升、端面粗糙度起关键作用，动环表面喷涂Cr₂O₃等金属氧化物，能较好地保持致密的石墨转移膜，减轻密封的磨损。研究结果为机械密封的设计、优化和应用提供了基础。
- 干摩擦 /
- 机械密封 /
- 温度场 /
- 端面变形 /
- 摩擦磨损
Abstract:
In order to solve the problem of seal failure caused by excessive deformation and wear of mechanical seal end face due to improper design under high-speed dry friction conditions, a thermal structure coupled numerical calculation model was established to analyze the temperature field and end face deformation of mechanical seal. The temperature rise of the stationary ring was tested, the characteristics of the end face of the stationary ring were analyzed, and the wear mechanism under high speed dry friction was discussed. The results show that: the established finite element model can accurately predict the temperature and end face deformation of the seal, and the difference between the calculated value and the experimental value is less than 11%; the peak temperature of the seal end face is more sensitive to the rotating speed, and with the extension of the operating time, the temperature first increases rapidly and then gradually slows down; the static ring is prone to taper deformation, resulting in the uneven contact pressure and wear of the end face, and the "correction" effect of the stationary ring seat can improve this kind of deformation; the existence of friction transfer film plays a key role in the temperature rise and surface roughness of the seal. The moving ring surface is sprayed with Cr₂O₃ metal oxides, which can better maintain the dense graphite transfer film and reduce the wear of the seal. The research results provide a basis for the design, optimization and application of mechanical seals.
- dry friction /
- mechanical seal /
- temperature field /
- end face deformation /
- friction and wear

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图 1 密封结构示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of sealing structure

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图 2 模拟分析流程

Figure 2. Flow chart of simulation analysis

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图 3 几何模型及力边界

Figure 3. Geometric model and force boundary

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图 4 密封环温度场云图

Figure 4. Temperature field contour of sealing ring

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图 5 不同转速下的峰值温度

Figure 5. Peak temperature at different rotating speeds

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图 6 静环变形云图

Figure 6. Stationary ring deformation contour

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图 7 静环端面变形

Figure 7. End face deformation of stationary ring

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图 8 动静环端面接触压力分布

Figure 8. Contact pressure distribution of moving and stationary rings end face

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图 9 动静环端面接触压力

Figure 9. Contact pressure of moving and stationary ring end face

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图 10 试验系统

Figure 10. Test system

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图 11 密封试验台

Figure 11. Sealing test bench

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图 12 动静环实物图

Figure 12. Physical picture of moving and stationary ring

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图 13 测温点布置示意图

Figure 13. Layout of temperature measurement points

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图 14 转速对温度的影响

Figure 14. Effect of rotating speed on temperature

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图 15 压差对温度的影响

Figure 15. Effect of differential pressure on temperature

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图 16 动环材料对温度的影响

Figure 16. Effect of moving ring material on temperature

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图 17 模拟与试验结果对比

Figure 17. Comparisons of simulation and test results

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图 18 静环平面度对比

Figure 18. Flatness comparison of stationary ring

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图 19 端面内外径高度差测量

Figure 19. Height difference between inner and outer diameter of end face

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图 20 动环表面粗糙度

Figure 20. Surface roughness of moving ring

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图 21 试验前后端面微观形貌

Figure 21. Micro morphology of end face before and after test

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表 1 静环材料属性

Table 1. Stationary ring material properties

参数	数值
材料	M106D
导热系数/(W·(m·K)^-1)	140
热膨胀系数/K^-1	5×10^-5
弹性模量/GPa	15
泊松比	0.3

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表 2 动环材料属性

Table 2. Material properties of moving ring

参数	数值
材料	38CrMoAlA
导热系数/(W·(m·K)^-1)	80
热膨胀系数/K^-1	5.1×10^-5
弹性模量/GPa	600
泊松比	0.24

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表 3 静环座材料属性

Table 3. Material properties of stationary ring seat

参数	数值
材料	0Cr18Ni9
导热系数/(W·(m·K)^-1)	13.8
热膨胀系数/K^-1	1.654
弹性模量/GPa	204
泊松比	0.25

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