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摘要:
装载机能耗高、排放差, 研究装载机新能源技术具有重要意义。结合装载机工况特性提出了燃料电池与超级电容联合驱动的电源系统, 围绕复杂工况下燃料电池和超级电容系统动态模型的实时工况数据进行自适应能量管理策略研究。设计了复合电源拓扑结构与动力传动方案, 建立装载机复杂工况下系统多状态模型, 基于Haar小波理论对整车系统进行功率分流, 提出模糊逻辑能量管理策略动态平衡需求功率中的低频分量, 采用粒子群算法对控制系统进行优化。仿真结果显示：载荷功率经过最优阈值3层Haar小波处理后, 功率变化大幅度减缓, 有效提升燃料电池系统的寿命；模糊逻辑控制器输出的燃料电池功率曲线变化光滑, 超级电容SOC值处于设定区域内, 提高复合电源系统的综合效率；经过粒子群算法优化控制器后, 燃料电池输出平均功率同比下降约5%, 超级电容SOC值在约0.6达到动态平衡状态, 改善了装载机的动态响应和稳定性。
Abstract:It is of great significance to study new energy technologies for loaders, which have high energy consumption and poor emissions. Combined with the operating characteristics of the loader, this paper proposes a power supply system driven by fuel cell and super capacitor. Our research focused on adaptive energy management strategy resulting from dynamic model and real-time data of fuel cell and supercapacitor system under complex working conditions. Firstly, we designed a composite power supply topology and power transmission scheme. Then, a multi-state model of the system was established under complex working conditions of the loader. And, based on the Haar wavelet theory, the power of the vehicle system was split. Subsequently, a fuzzy logic energy management strategy was proposed to dynamically balance the low-frequency components of the demand power. Lastly, the particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to optimize the control system. The simulation results showed that the power change was greatly slowed down because of the optimal threshold three-layer Haar wavelet on the load power, which effectively improved the life of the fuel cell system. The fuel cell power curve output by the fuzzy logic controller also changed smoothly. Meanwhile, the SOC value of the super capacitor was within the set area. Therefore, the overall efficiency of the composite power system was improved. After optimizing the controller by the particle swarm algorithm, the average output power of the fuel cell decreased by about 5% year-on-year, and the SOC value of the super capacitor reaches a dynamic equilibrium state of about 0.6, which improves the dynamic response and stability of the loader.
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图 10 复合电源系统模糊逻辑控制结构
Figure 10. Fuzzy logic control structure of composite power supply system
图 13 三层Haar小波处理载荷谱曲线
Figure 13. Three-layer wavelet processing of load spectrum curves
图 20 优化前后的模糊逻辑规则观察器(部分)
Figure 20. Rule observer before and after fuzzy logic controller optimization (part)
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