一种外日球层拾起离子探测器的设计与仿真

高天丰; 孔令高; 苏斌; 张爱兵

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2021.0243

一种外日球层拾起离子探测器的设计与仿真

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2021.0243

高天丰^{1, 2},
孔令高^{1, 2, ,},
苏斌¹,
张爱兵^{1, 2}

1.
中国科学院国家空间科学中心，北京 100190
2.
中国科学院大学，北京 100049

基金项目: 中国科学院空间科学战略性先导科技专项 (XDA1535010202, XDA15011200)

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail：klg@nssc.ac.cn

中图分类号: V447+.1；P354
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- PDF下载量: 18
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-05-08
- 录用日期: 2021-10-09
- 网络出版日期: 2021-11-01
- 整期出版日期: 2023-02-28

Design and simulation of detector for outer heliosphere pickup ions

GAO Tianfeng^{1, 2},
KONG Linggao^{1, 2
, ,},
SU Bin¹,
ZHANG Aibing^{1, 2}

1.
National Space Science Center，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100190，China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100049，China

Funds: Strategic Pilot Projects in Space Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA1535010202, XDA15011200)

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：klg@nssc.ac.cn

摘要

摘要:
针对外日球层低速、低密度、低温的拾起离子（PUIs）的高分辨探测需求，以带顶盖超环面静电分析器、阻滞势分析器和线性场飞行时间系统为基础设计了一种新型高分辨拾起离子探测器。经过有限元仿真分析，探测器可实现离子（氢）的速度范围15.7 ~1072.2 km/s，密度范围0.0001 ~100 cm⁻³，温度高于474.9 K的探测，同时可实现典型拾起离子（氢、氦、碳、氮、氧、氖）的成分分辨，质谱分辨率（M/ΔM）大于40。
- 外日球层 /
- 拾起离子 /
- 静电分析器 /
- 线性场飞行时间系统 /
- 数值仿真
Abstract:
To enable the high-resolution detection of low-speed, low-density and low-temperature pickup ions (PUIs) in the outer heliosphere, a new high-resolution detector is designed based on the toroidal top-hat electrostatic analyzer, retarding potential analyzer and linear-electric-field time-of-flight analyzer. Using finite element simulation, the velocity range of PUIs (hydrogen) can be detected at 15.7~1072.2 km/s, with the density range being 0.0001~100 cm⁻³ and the temperature higher than 474.9 K. Component discrimination can also be achieved for typical pickup ions (hydrogen, helium, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and neon), with the mass spectral resolution (M/ΔM) larger than 40.
- outer heliosphere /
- pickup ion /
- electrostatic analyzer /
- linear-electric-field time-of-flight analyzer /
- numerical simulation

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图 1 拾起离子传感器设计原理

Figure 1. Design scheme of pickup ion sensor

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图 2 ESA基本结构示意图

Figure 2. Basic structure diagram of ESA

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图 3 RPA模型

Figure 3. Model of RPA

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图 4 ESA和RPA不同组合时的能谱响应

Figure 4. Energy response of different combinations of ESA and RPA

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图 5 静电分析器中的偏转板位置

Figure 5. Positions of deflectors in electrostatic analyzers

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图 6 ESA和LEF-TOF电场等势线

Figure 6. Electric field equipotential line of ESA and LEF-TOF

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图 7 离子和次级电子在ESA和LEF-TOF中的仿真飞行轨迹

Figure 7. Simulated flight trajectories of ions and secondary electrons in ESA and LEF-TOF

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图 8 ESA仿真离子能谱

Figure 8. Simulated energy spectrum of ESA

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图 9 单能量离子束在RPA电压扫描下的计数率

Figure 9. Counting rates of monoenergetic beams with RPA voltages

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图 10 RPA加电压时离子计数率微分曲线

Figure 10. Differential ion counting rates with RPA voltages

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图 11 超环面静电分析器焦点位置仿真

Figure 11. Focal point of toroidal electrostatic analyzer

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图 12 次级电子在MCP上的计数分布

Figure 12. Count distribution of secondary electrons on MCP

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图 13 次级电子在MCP上的计数分布随RPA电压的变化

Figure 13. Count distribution of secondary electrons on MCP with RPA voltages

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图 14 方位角分辨率随RPA电压的变化曲线

Figure 14. Curve of azimuth resolution with RPA voltages

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图 15 有效离子入射俯仰角分布

Figure 15. Elevation angle distribution of effective ions

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图 16 偏转板加不同电压时有效离子入射俯仰角分布

Figure 16. Elevation angle distribution of effective ions with deflector biased to different voltages

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图 17 俯仰角中心角度β_c和偏转板因子S的仿真结果拟合曲线

Figure 17. Simulation results and fitting line between β_c and S

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图 18 1 keV离子束E-β相空间分布

Figure 18. E-β phase space distribution of a beam of 1 keV ions

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图 19 离子在碳膜中的轨迹仿真

Figure 19. Trajectory simulation of ions in carbon foil

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图 20 离子成分H⁺~Ne⁺飞行时间谱

Figure 20. Spectrum of time-of-flight for H⁺~Ne⁺

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图 21 1.28 eV H⁺飞行时间图谱

Figure 21. Spectrum of time-of-flight for 1.28 eV H⁺

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表 1 拾起离子探测器技术指标仿真结果

Table 1. Simulation specifications of pickup ion detector

技术指标	仿真结果
能量范围/eV	1.28~6 000
能量分辨率/%	ESA(ΔE/E) 14.26
能量分辨率/%	ESA+RPA 1.60
静电分析器常数	4.26
方位角范围/(°)	0~360
俯仰角范围/(°)	−6.9~3.6（FWHM）
方位角分辨率/(°)	0.78（固有极限） 15.00（实际设计）
几何因子/cm²·sr	0.02096
速度/(km·s⁻¹)	15.7~1072.2 @H⁺
密度/cm⁻³	1×10⁻⁴~100 @H⁺
温度/K	≥474.9
质谱分辨率	>40 for M=1~20（54.5@H⁺）

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