航天遥感器用泵驱两相流体回路热真空试验研究

孟庆亮; 赵振明; 陈祥贵; 朱许

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2021.0270

航天遥感器用泵驱两相流体回路热真空试验研究

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2021.0270

孟庆亮^{1, 2, ,},
赵振明^{1, 2},
陈祥贵^{1, 2},
朱许^{1, 2}

1.
北京空间机电研究所，北京 100094
2.
先进光学遥感技术北京市重点实验室，北京 100094

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(51806010)

详细信息

作者简介:
孟庆亮等：航天遥感器用泵驱两相流体回路热真空试验研究 7

通讯作者:
E-mail：qlmeng@mail.ustc.edu.cn

中图分类号: V416；TK124
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-05-25
- 录用日期: 2022-03-14
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-24
- 整期出版日期: 2023-03-30

Thermal vacuum test study of mechanically pumped two-phase loop for space remote sensor

MENG Qingliang^{1, 2
, ,},
ZHAO Zhenming^{1, 2},
CHEN Xianggui^{1, 2},
ZHU Xu^{1, 2}

1.
Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics & Electricity，Beijing 100094，China
2.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Remote Sensing Technology，Beijing 100094，China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (51806010)

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：qlmeng@mail.ustc.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
针对航天遥感器核心组件的高精度与高稳定度的控温需求，设计并搭建了一套泵驱两相流体回路(MPTL)试验装置，该装置使用了一套具有被动冷却能力的两相控温型储液器。为验证MPTL系统在高真空、极低温与变化外热流条件下的工作能力，在真空罐内对MPTL系统在不同工况点下的散热与控温能力进行了测试，并通过温度和压力等数据研究了主回路的运行特性、储液器内热力学变化特性及两者之间的传热传质过程。结果表明：MPTL系统的控温点可通过储液器进行快速调整，蒸发器温度的变化受外热流与热源开关影响较小；进入毛细管中的过冷液与储液器中的液相形成的温差保证了储液器冷量的供应；主回路发生相态转变时，储液器与主回路工质交换特性引起了系统压力降脉动。
- 泵驱两相流体回路 /
- 两相控温型储液器 /
- 热控产品 /
- 热真空试验 /
- 航天遥感器
Abstract:
In this paper, a test setup of mechanically pumped two-phase loop (MPTL) was constructed in response to the demand for high precision and high stability temperature control of the core components in space remote sensors. In this setup, a two-phase thermal-controlled accumulator with passive cooling was adopted. For the purpose of verifying the working performance of the MPTL system under the conditions of high vacuum, ultra-low temperature and varied external heat flux, the heat dissipation and temperature control ability of the MPTL system under different test conditions were tested in the vacuum chamber. Then the obtained test data, including temperature and pressure, were used to analyze the operating characteristics of the main loop, the thermodynamic behaviors in the accumulator and the heat and mass transfer between the main loop and the accumulator. The test results showed that the temperature control points of the MPTL system could be quickly adjusted by the accumulator, and the external heat flux and the action of starting up and powering off of the heat source had little influence on the temperature of the evaporators. The cooling capacity was provided by the temperature difference between the subcooling liquid entering the capillary tube and the liquid phase in the accumulator. During the phase transition in the main loop, the mass transfer behaviors between accumulator and the main loop gave rise to the pressure-drop oscillations.
- mechanically pumped two-phase loop /
- two-phase thermal-controlled accumulator /
- thermal control products /
- thermal vacuum test /
- space remote sensor

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图 1 MPTL系统组成

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of MPTL system

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图 2 MPTL系统实物图（不含辐射冷凝器）

Figure 2. Photograph of MPTL system (not including radiator)

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图 3 MPTL系统内工质压焓变化示意图

Figure 3. Pressure-enthalpy diagram of fluid in MPTL system

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图 4 屏蔽式离心泵实物图

Figure 4. Photograph of shield centrifugal micropump

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图 5 两相控温型储液器实物图

Figure 5. Photograph of two-phase thermal-controlled accumulator

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图 6 两相控温型储液器冷却过程示意图

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of cooling process in two-phase thermal-controlled accumulator

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图 7 3D打印蒸发器实物图

Figure 7. Photograph of evaporator by 3D printing

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图 8 蒸发器内部流道

Figure 8. Internal flow channel of evaporator

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图 9 蒸发器及模拟热源空间布置

Figure 9. Spatial layout of evaporators and simulated heat sources

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图 10 MPTL产品真空罐放置图

Figure 10. Layout of MPTL in vacuum tank

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图 11 MPTL启动时储液器上测点温度变化曲线

Figure 11. Temperature variation in measuring points of accumulator during MPTL start up

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图 12 MPTL启动时系统绝对压力变化曲线

Figure 12. Variations in absolute system pressure during MPTL start up

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图 13 MPTL启动时储液器气相温度与压力拟合温度对比

Figure 13. Comparison between vapor temperature and fitting temperature from saturated pressure during MPTL start up

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图 14 模拟热源开关机时蒸发器测点温度变化曲线

Figure 14. Temperature variations in measuring points of evaporators during heat loads start up and power off

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图 15 模拟热源开关机时换热器测点温度变化曲线

Figure 15. Temperature variations in measure points of heat-exchanger during heat loads start up and power off

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图 16 工况2储液器测点温度变化曲线

Figure 16. Temperature variations in measuring points of accumulator for test condition 2

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图 17 工况2蒸发器测点温度变化曲线

Figure 17. Temperature variations in measuring points of evaporators for test condition 2

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图 18 两相段生成后储液器测点温度变化趋势

Figure 18. Temperature variations in measuring points of accumulator after two phase generation

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图 19 两相段生成后系统压力变化趋势

Figure 19. Pressure variations of system after two phase generation

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图 20 两相段生成后储液器功率变化趋势

Figure 20. Variations in power applied on accumulator after two phase generation

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图 21 MPTL系统压力降脉动简化模型

Figure 21. Schematic diagram of pressure-drop oscillations for MPTL system

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表 1 MPTL系统主要参数

Table 1. Main parameters of MPTL system

参数	数值
两相管路直径/mm	外径4.0，内径3.0
单相管路直径/mm	外径3.175，内径2.06
管路总长度/m	20.0
辐射冷凝器	面积0.32 m²；发射率0.86
储液器体积/L	0.53
冷凝器控温功率/W	20.0
预热器功率/W	40.0
蒸发器功率/W	45.0

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表 2 外热流随时间周期变化值

Table 2. Temporal variation of external heat flux

加载时间/s	功率/W
0~634	10.8
635~2079	24.1
2080~2646	50.7
2647~4218	29.8
4219~5671	10.8

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表 3 试验工况

Table 3. Test items

工况	系统工作点	试验内容
1	20 ℃	测试流体回路启动特性，储液器控温稳定性及蒸发器温度稳定性
2	10 ℃	测试储液器升降温速率，系统运行的稳定性

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