Low-altitude, slow speed and small target detection probability of passive radar based on GNSS signals
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摘要:
尽管全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)外辐射源雷达具有信号源广泛、覆盖率高、容易进行时间同步等特点,受到了国内外研究机构的广泛关注,但由于卫星位置变化和单颗卫星的目标探测性能有限,难以满足实际探测需求。根据几何构型给出GNSS外辐射源雷达双基地角计算方式,仿真研究双基地角与目标雷达散射截面积(RCS)的关系,分析探测时间与目标最大探测距离的关系,得到目标探测概率的理论表达式,并据此评估基于GPS L5信号的外辐射源雷达在单星、多源融合及前后向协同探测模式的目标探测概率。仿真结果表明:单星前向和后向探测模式的有效探测时间覆盖率不足1 %,采用前后向协同及多源融合的探测方式,可有效提升GNSS外辐射源雷达的目标探测性能至25 %;通过采用连续扫描检测的方式实时改变接收天线的照射方向进行目标探测,在前后向协同的多源融合探测模式下,有效探测时间覆盖率达到98.96 %,基本满足全天时有效探测需求。
Abstract:Although passive radar based on global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals has received domestic and international attention owing to its advantages such as the availability of multiple satellites, global coverage, and convenience of time synchronization, it is difficult to meet the actual detection requirements due to the movement of satellites and the limited target detection performance of a single satellite. The bistatic angle calculation procedure is described in accordance with the geometric configuration, and the theoretical expression of target detection probability is derived after analyzing the relationship between target radar cross section (RCS) and bistatic angle, and the connection between detection time and target maximum detection range. On these grounds, the target detection probability of passive radar based on GPS L5 signal under the detection pattern of single-satellite, multi-satellites fusion and forward-backward cooperation is evaluated. The simulation results show that the effective probability of detection under single-satellite forward or backward mode is less than 1%, which has an effective promotion to 25% under the detection pattern of multi-satellites fusion with forward-backward cooperation. Furthermore, the continuous detection method is adopted to change the irradiation direction of the receiving antenna to detect the target. In the forward and backward cooperative multi-source fusion detection mode, the effective detection time coverage is up to 98.96%, and the all-time effective detection is basically realized.
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