Real-time performance analysis on Terahertz interconnection with timed token protocol in avionics
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摘要:
在航空电子设备内部采用太赫兹通信技术实现cm级的板间或芯片互连可以减少引脚和接插件，缩小电子设备的体积，并降低维护成本。针对采用全向天线收发和开关键控（OOK）调制的近距离太赫兹通信网络，通过考虑分子吸收噪声和损耗的点到点通信链路分析，给出太赫兹信道容量计算结果；结合节点间的限时令牌多路访问协议，依据信道容量采用服务曲线模型进行最坏情况下总流量分析（TFA）和隔离流量分析（SFA）；充分考虑概率保证下应用层通信任务的突发度，得到限时令牌太赫兹互连的实时性能分析方法。案例研究表明：相较于时分多址（TDMA）方式，基于限时令牌协议的无冲突多路访问机制可以适应物理层容量和应用层负载的随机变化，保证了更小的延迟，有利于实现航空电子芯片间和板间的太赫兹互连组网和实时通信。
Abstract:Using Terahertz communication technology to achieve centimeter level inter-board/chip interconnection in avionics can reduce pins and connectors, electronic equipment volume, and maintenance costs. For the short-range Terahertz communication network with omni-directional antenna transceiver and on-off keying (OOK) modulation, the calculation results of Terahertz channel capacity are given by analyzing the point-to-point communication link considering the molecular absorption noise and loss. Combined with the timed token multi-access protocol between nodes, and according to the channel capacity, the service curve model is used to analyze the total flow analysis (TFA) and separate flow analysis (SFA) in the worst case. The real-time performance analysis method of time limited token Terahertz interconnection is obtained by fully considering the burst degree of application layer communication task with probability guarantee. The case study shows that, compared with time division multiple access (TDMA), the collision free multiple access mechanism based on time limited token protocol can adapt to the random changes of physical layer capacity and application layer load, ensure less delay, and is conducive to the realization of Terahertz Interconnection Networking and real-time communication between avionics chips and boards.
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Key words:
- avionics /
- real-time communication /
- Terahertz communication /
- network calculus /
- timed token network
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图 1 限时令牌太赫兹互连的航空电子应用场景
Figure 1. Usage of Terahertz interconnections with timed token protocol in avionics scenario
图 4 限时令牌多路访问节点i服务曲线βi(t)
Figure 4. Service curve βi(t) of node i in timed token multiple access
图 6 分子吸收噪声功率谱密度Nmol与频率和传播距离关系
Figure 6. Power spectral density of molecular absorption noise Nmol vs. frequency and propagation distance
图 10
${{\boldsymbol{T}}_i}\left( {{\tau _i}} \right)$ 随机过程建模Figure 10. Modeling of stochastic process
${{\boldsymbol{T}}_i}\left( {{\tau _i}} \right)$ 
图 11 考虑有效带宽后节点5的TFA分析
Figure 11. TFA analysis of Node5 with consideration of effective bandwidth
表 1 不同传播距离下的信道容量
Table 1. Channel capacity in different propagation distances
参数 传播距离/cm 1 5 10 50 100 1000 信道容量/（Gbit·s−1） 54.550 5.850 1.577 0.065 0.016 1.6×10−4 
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表 2 节点消息负载状况及带宽分配
Table 2. Node message load and bandwidth allocation
节点 ki Pi /μs Ci /μs Di /μs THTi /μs 1 2 120 2.7 120 5.40 2 4 100 1.2 120 5.76 3 6 100 0.8 100 4.80 4 3 120 2.5 150 9.38 5 5 120 2.0 120 10.00 6 4 150 2.3 120 9.20 7 3 100 2.7 100 8.10 8 5 120 1.2 160 8.00 9 6 160 1.8 120 10.80 10 4 120 2.2 120 8.80
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表 3
${{\boldsymbol{T}}_i}\left( {{\tau _i}} \right)$ 概率分布Table 3. Probability distribution of
${{{T}}_i}\left( {{\tau _i}} \right)$ 节点 THTi/μs ${ {{T} }_i}\left( { {\tau _i} } \right)$/μs ${\tau _i}$/μs 概率P 1 5.40 2.7 0~57.3 0.4775 5.4 57.3~120 0.5225 2 5.76 1.2 0~23.8 0.238 2.4 23.8~48.8 0.25 3.6 48.8~73.8 0.25 4.8 73.8~100 0.262 3 4.80 0.8 0~15.87 0.1587 1.6 15.87~32.53 0.1666 2.4 32.53~49.2 0.1667 3.2 49.2~65.87 0.1667 4.0 65.87~82.53 0.1666 4.8 82.53~100 0.1747
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表 4 不同保证概率下3种方法的Beff估算结果
Table 4. Estimation results of Beff with three methods in different guaranteed probabilities
保证概率 ε Beff/μs 正态置信概率估计 Chernoff界估计 Monte Carlo仿真 10−2 56.7 56.6 56.4 10−3 61.6 60.3 60.2 10−4 65.4 62.9 62.9 10−5 68.5 64.8 64.2
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表 5 网络负载率与最大延迟
Table 5. Network load rate vs. maximum delay
网络负载率U/% TDMA/μs 限时令牌/μs 最大延迟减小/% 30 31.23 27.75 11.14 50 50.47 45.25 10.34 80 81.24 73.9 9.03
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表 6 U=30%时的节点消息负载状况
Table 6. Node message load when U = 30%
节点 ki Pi /μs Ci /μs Di /μs THTi /μs 1 2 120 1.0 120 2.00 2 4 100 0.5 120 2.40 3 6 100 0.5 100 3.00 4 3 120 1.0 150 3.75 5 5 120 0.75 120 3.75 6 4 150 0.5 120 2.00 7 3 100 1.0 100 3.00 8 5 120 0.5 160 3.33 9 6 160 0.5 120 3.00 10 4 120 1.0 120 4..00
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表 7 U=50%时的节点消息负载状况
Table 7. Node message load when U = 50%
节点 ki Pi /μs Ci /μs Di /μs THTi /μs 1 2 120 2.0 120 4.00 2 4 100 1.0 120 4.80 3 6 100 1.0 100 6.00 4 3 120 1.0 150 3.75 5 5 120 1.25 120 6.25 6 4 150 2.0 120 8.00 7 3 100 1.0 100 3.00 8 5 120 1.0 160 6.67 9 6 160 0.5 120 3.00 10 4 120 1.0 120 4.00
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