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摘要:
为评估飞行员在执飞任务中的脑力负荷，建立了基于任务需求负荷（TDL）和人员负荷能力（SWC）的脑力负荷量化评估模型，并据此提出剩余脑力负荷（SMWL）和脑力负荷占用率（ORMWL）的评估方法。采用信息熵法对信息显控界面上的信息量进行量化。基于多属性任务组（MATB）平台设计的执飞情境实验，对15名被试人员在不同任务水平下的脑力负荷状态进行评估，以验证所建模型的有效性。结果表明：SMWL模型方法的脑力负荷值与NASA-TLX主观量表值存在显著相关性。此外，任务水平的增加对人员的脑力负荷值有显著的U型影响。因此，通过所建模型，基于SMWL和ORMWL的概念，可以对飞行员执行飞行任务时的脑力负荷进行实时、定量的评估，为脑力负荷的量化提供了一种新的思路。
Abstract:In order to evaluate the mental workload of pilots in flight task, a quantitative evaluation model of mental workload based on task demand load (TDL) and staff workload capacity (SWC) was established. Based on this, the evaluation methods of surplus mental workload (SMWL) and occupancy rate of mwl (ORMWL) were proposed. The information entropy method was used to quantify the amount of information on the information display and control interface, based on the flight situation experiment designed by the MATB task platform, in order to verify the validity of the model, the mental workload of 15 subjects at different task levels was evaluated. Based on the flight situation experiment designed by the MATB task platform, the information entropy method was used to quantify the amount of information on the information display and control interface. In order to verify the validity of the model, the mental workload of 15 subjects at different task levels was evaluated. The results show that the SMWL value of the SMWL model method was correlated with the NASA subjective scale value. And, the increase of task level had a significant U-shaped impact on the mental workload of the staff. Meanwhile, the increase of task level had a significant U-shaped impact on the mental workload of the staff. Therefore, the model established in this paper and based on the concepts of SMWL and ORMWL can be used to conduct a real-time and quantitative evaluation of the mental workload of pilots during flight tasks, providing a new idea for the quantification of mental workload.
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图 3 基于MATB任务的脑力负荷量化评估流程
Figure 3. Flow chart of MWL quantitative evaluation based on MATB task
图 4 NASA-TLX量表的MWL与SWC和TDL差值的关系
Figure 4. Relationship between NASA scale score and (SWC−TDL)
图 8 剩余脑力负荷与不同任务水平的关系
Figure 8. Relationship between SMWL and different task load level
图 10 脑力负荷占用率与不同任务水平的关系
Figure 10. Relationship between ORMWL and different task load level
表 1 MATB子任务信息
Table 1. Details of MATB subtasks
任务名称 区域 任务内容 系统监控 1 要求被试监控F1~F4刻度栏的指针，当动态指针触及任意刻度栏的上下3格时，用鼠标左键点击对应的刻度栏 追踪 2 要求被试在手动模式下用摇杆将目标保持在网格中心，在自动模式下不需要任何动作 通信 3 要求被试监控通信刻度中激活的通信任务，当激活的通信任务，即左侧的（绿色）方形滑块触碰到上方圆（红）点时，按键盘的右方向键进行响应 资源管理 4 要求被试监控编号为1~8的油泵状态，当油泵出现故障（变红）时，用鼠标左键点击对应的油泵进行响应 
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表 2 实验流程表
Table 2. Experimental process
步骤序号 实验内容 时间/min 1 实验培训与准备 60 2 静息实验 5 3 正式实验1 12 4 填表 2 5 休息 6 6 正式实验2 12 7 填表 2 8 休息 6 9 正式实验3 12 10 填表 2 11 确定量表维度权重 1
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表 3 MATB子任务最大响应时间及信息复杂度
Table 3. MATB subtask maximum response time and information complexity
任务名称 最长响应时间/s 信息复杂度 系统监控 6 2.3026 追踪 8 1.7481 通信 10 0.8856 资源管理 8 0.9831
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