滤网孔径影响砂土径向渗透特性的试验研究

唐国航; 王乃东; 刘松涛; 介玉新

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2021.0451

滤网孔径影响砂土径向渗透特性的试验研究

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2021.0451

1.
北京航空航天大学交通科学与工程学院，北京 100191
2.
清华大学水利水电工程系，北京 100084

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(51978028)

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail：wangnd@buaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: TV223.6；TV41
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-09
- 录用日期: 2021-12-23
- 网络出版日期: 2022-01-10
- 整期出版日期: 2023-06-30

Experimental study on influence of filter mesh size on radial permeability of sand

1.
School of Transportation Science and Engineering，Beihang University，Beijing 100191，China
2.
Department of Hydranlic Engineering，Tsinghua University，Beijing 100084，China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (51978028)

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：wangnd@buaa.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
为了研究渗透破坏的机理，基于自行研发的径向渗透试验仪，开展了系列的不同滤网孔径条件下的砂土渗透破坏试验和砂土稳定渗透试验，研究了滤网孔径对砂土径向渗流特性的影响规律，分析了渗透试验过程中滤网孔径对渗透破坏的临界水头差、稳定渗流流速、土颗粒损失质量、土体径向渗透系数的影响。试验结果表明：滤网孔径对砂土的径向渗流特性具有重要影响；在渗透破坏试验中，减小滤网孔径可增大渗透破坏的临界水头差；在稳定渗透试验中，减小滤网孔径可有效降低砂土的渗透系数；同时土的细颗粒先于粗颗粒发生质量流失，仅当土颗粒的质量流失为零时，渗流流速才会达到最终稳定。
- 砂土 /
- 渗透 /
- 滤网 /
- 水 /
- 渗透破坏
Abstract:
Based on the self-developed radial penetration tester, a series of seepage failure tests and stable seepage tests on sand were carried out under various filter pore size conditions to study the influence of filter pore size on the radial permeation characteristics of sand. The influences of filter pore size on critical water head difference, seepage flow, mass loss of soil particles and radial permeability coefficient of sand were analyzed. The results show that the filter pore size has an important effect on the radial permeability of sand; The critical water head difference can be increased by decreasing the filter pore size in the seepage failure tests; Sand’s permeability coefficient can be efficiently decreased in the stable seepage tests by reducing the filter pore size; The mass loss of fine particles precedes that of coarse particles. If there is none of the mass loss of soil particles, the seepage velocity will be stable.
- sand /
- penetration /
- filter /
- water /
- seepage failure

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图 1 径向渗透试验仪

Figure 1. Radial penetration tester

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图 2 试验土样

Figure 2. Test soil samples

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图 3 颗粒级配曲线

Figure 3. Particle gradation curve

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图 4 透水孔与滤网的平面分布

Figure 4. Horizontal distribution of permeable hole and filter

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图 5 滤网孔径d对临界水头差ΔH的影响

Figure 5. Influence of filter pore size d oncritical water head difference ΔH

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图 6 渗透破坏在土体内部形成的潜蚀孔洞

Figure 6. Subsurface erosion cavities formed by soil seepage failure

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图 7 不同水头差的渗流流速V、浊液颗粒流失速度V₁和沉淀颗粒流失速度V₂

Figure 7. Seapage velocity V, loss velocity V₁ of nonsettleable particle and loss velocity V₂ of settleable particle at different head heights

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图 8 滤网孔径对稳定渗流流速的影响

Figure 8. Influence of filter pore size on steady seepage velocity

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图 9 滤网孔径对土颗粒损失总质量的影响

Figure 9. Influence of filter pore size on total loss of soil particle

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图 10 滤网孔径对径向渗透系数的影响

Figure 10. Influence of filter pore size on radial permeability coefficient

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表 1 渗透破坏试验中的滤网孔径和丝径

Table 1. Pore diameter and wire diameter of filter selected for seepage failure tests mm

滤网孔径	滤网丝径
3	0.5
4	0.6
5	0.7
6	0.9
8	1.2
10

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表 2 稳定渗透试验中的滤网孔径和丝径

Table 2. Pore diameter and wire diameter of filter selected for stable seepage tests mm

滤网孔径	滤网丝径
0.008	0.001
0.075	0.01
0.25	0.04
0.8	0.12
1.4	0.21
2	0.3
3	0.5

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表 3 稳定渗透试验的最终渗流流速和土颗粒损失总质量

Table 3. Final seepage velocity and total mass loss of soil particles in stable permeability tests

滤网孔径/mm	稳定渗流流速/(mL·min⁻¹)			土颗粒损失总质量/g
滤网孔径/mm	水头差5 cm	水头差10 cm	水头差15 cm		水头差5 cm	水头差10 cm	水头差15 cm
0.008	9	33	58		0	0.01	0.01
0.075	17	72	139		0	0.01	0.02
0.25	24	96	208		0.02	0.04	0.09
0.8	27	106	261		0.09	0.6	1.35
1.4	43	164	416		0.57	2.45	4.96
2	44	184	431		0.87	3.92	7.65
3	60	220	578		0.89	4.78	10.78

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表 4 不同水头差的稳定渗流状态条件下的渗透系数

Table 4. Permeability coefficient of steady seepage flow at different water head heights

滤网孔径/mm	渗透系数/(cm·s⁻¹)
滤网孔径/mm	水头差5 cm	水头差10 cm	水头差15 cm
0.008	0.001 73	0.001 58	0.001 23
0.075	0.003 35	0.003 45	0.002 96
0.25	0.004 60	0.004 60	0.004 43
0.8	0.005 07	0.005 08	0.005 56
1.4	0.008 33	0.007 86	0.008 86
2	0.008 55	0.008 86	0.009 00
3	0.011 50	0.010 54	0.012 37

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