民用飞机迫降后不利姿态应急撤离实验研究

封文春; 张桐; 李伟

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2021.0483

民用飞机迫降后不利姿态应急撤离实验研究

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2021.0483

封文春^1, ,,
张桐²,
李伟¹

1.
航空工业第一飞机设计研究院机电系统设计研究所，西安 710089
2.
北京航空航天大学宇航学院，北京 100191

基金项目: 工信部民机预研专项(MJ-2016-F-11)

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail：chunfeng@buaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: V233⁺.2；TP319.9
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-23
- 录用日期: 2021-10-22
- 网络出版日期: 2021-12-27
- 整期出版日期: 2023-07-31

Experimental study on adverse attitude emergency evacuation of civil aircraft after crash landing

1.
Institute of Electromechanical Systems，The First Aircraft Institute of AVIC， Xi’an 710089，China
2.
School of Astronautics，Beihang University，Beijing 100191， China

Funds: Civil Aircraft Pre-study of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MJ-2016-F-11)

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：chunfeng@buaa.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
为研究飞机迫降后不利姿态对应急撤离的影响，基于动态客舱应急撤离实验环境，开展了200多人次的个体及群体应急撤离实验，按照自由撤离模式和快速撤离模式，分析了不利姿态下座椅段、过道区域个体撤离速度的变化规律，建立了个体平均速度衰减比模型。实验表明：迫降后的不利姿态对群体撤离时间、人员密度和前向距离均有一定影响。横滚姿态下，群体撤离速度衰减比在5°时为0.948，10°时为0.859，随横滚角增大而减小；俯仰姿态下，在−5°俯角下群体中个体撤离速度均呈现出加速的效果，末位速度达到1.35 m/s，次序越靠后撤离速度衰减比越大，−10°时，群体中个体运动呈现两面性，撤离速度与次序呈反比。通过实验揭示了迫降后不利姿态应急撤离客舱内个体运动及群体撤离的变化规律，为民用飞机应急撤离仿真提供了重要参考数据。
- 应急撤离 /
- 迫降 /
- 不利姿态 /
- 应急撤离实验 /
- 撤离速度
Abstract:
Based on dynamic emergency evacuation test environment, the effects of adverse attitude on emergency evacuation were studied and more than two hundred tests, including individual evacuation and group evacuation tests, were implemented. Then the average evacuation speed of individuals at seat and aisle area was analyzed according to free walk and quick evacuation model, with the results of which models of individual average speed attenuation ratio was established. The tests show that the adverse attitude of landing has effects on evacuation time, personnel density and forward distance. Under roll condition, the speed attenuation ratio is 0.948 and 0.859 at 5 degrees and 10 degrees, respectively, declining with the increase of the roll angle. Under pitch condition, the effects of acceleration appears at −5 degrees and the evacuation speed of the last person is 1.35 meter per second, with speed attenuation ratio increasing with the evacuation sequence; while at −10 degrees, the individual movement displays two-sidedness, with the speed in inverse proportion with the evacuation sequence. The test results reveal the movement patterns of the individual and group evacuation under adverse attitude landing condition and provides important reference data for evacuation simulation of civil aircraft.
- emergency evacuation /
- crash landing /
- adverse attitude /
- emergency evacuation test /
- evacuation speed

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图 1 实验环境结构

Figure 1. Structure of test environment

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图 2 实验环境实物图

Figure 2. Picture of test environment

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图 3 客舱内部环境

Figure 3. Internal environment of cabin

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图 4 实验区布置示意图

Figure 4. Layout of test area

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图 5 动态群体撤离实验布置示意图

Figure 5. Arrangement of dynamic group evacuation test

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图 6 进入和离开实验测量区的实验对象累计图

Figure 6. Aggregate test objects entering and leaving test area

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图 7 不同区域个体撤离速度的分布情况

Figure 7. Distribution of individual walk speed in different area

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图 8 快速撤离模式下不同性别个体撤离速度

Figure 8. Different sex evacuation speed at quick evacuation model

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图 9 个体撤离速度随横滚角变化统计

Figure 9. Individual evacuation speed in relation to roll angle change

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图 10 个体撤离速度随俯仰角的变化统计

Figure 10. Individual evacuation speed in relation to pitch angle change

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图 11 不同姿态下平均个体撤离速度衰减比

Figure 11. Average individual evacuation speed attenuation ratio at different attitude

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图 12 不同撤离次序个体平均撤离速度分布

Figure 12. Individual average evacuation speed distribution in different sequence

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图 13 横滚姿态下平均撤离速度及其速度衰减比

Figure 13. Average evacuation speed and speed attenuation ration at roll attitude

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图 14 俯仰姿态下平均撤离速度及其速度衰减比

Figure 14. Average evacuation speed and speed attenuation ratio at pitch attitude

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图 15 不利姿态下群体撤离时间统计

Figure 15. Group evacuation time at adverse attitude

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图 16 横滚姿态下的人员密度-撤离速度基本图

Figure 16. Personnel density and evacuation speed at roll attitude

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图 17 俯仰姿态下人员密度-撤离速度基本图

Figure 17. Personnel density and evacuation speed at pitch attitude

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图 18 不利姿态下撤离速度与前向距离的关系

Figure 18. Relation between evacuation speed and distance headway at adverse attitude

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表 1 A330-200各种不利姿态角度

Table 1. Adverse attitude angle of A330-200

序号	姿态	俯仰角/(°)	横滚角/(°)
1	所有起落架放下	−1.25	0
2	双主起落架折断	+3.25	0
3	前起落架折断	−8.65	0
4	所有起落架折断	+2.48	0
5	前起及单个主起落架折断	+4.31	±10.25
6	机尾过重	+12.9	0

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表 2 不利姿态下的基准撤离速度

Table 2. Reference evacuation speed under adverse attitude condition m/s

模式	性别	座椅段	直线段	全程
快速撤离	男	0.81	3.08	2.01
快速撤离	女	0.67	2.70	1.80
自由撤离		0.53	1.49	1.14

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