Semantic segmentation of remote sensing images based on U-shaped network combined with spatial enhance attention
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摘要:
针对基于深度学习的语义分割模型在解析遥感图像时，小尺寸目标和目标边界存在分割不准确的问题，提出一种U型网络模型SGE-Unet。该模型通过优化网络结构加强模型的特征提取能力；融合空间组增强注意力，提升模型对上下文语义信息的解析能力；采用中值频率平衡交叉熵损失函数抑制类别分布不均衡的影响。在2个数据集上进行实验，SGE-Unet的整体准确率、平均交并比、$\overline F _{1} $分数和Kappa系数均高于主流模型，Vaihingen数据集中小尺寸目标车的交并比和F1分数分别为0.719和0.901，比次优模型提升了16%和11%，实验结果表明所提模型能更精准地分割小尺寸目标及目标边界。
Abstract:The performance of semantic segmentation based on deep learning still need to be improved when analyzing small-sized objects and object boundaries in remote sensing images. Aiming at this problem, we propose a U-shaped network (SGE-Unet). Firstly, the structure of the model is optimized to enhance the representation of feature. Secondly, we add the attention module of spatial group enhance to extract semantic information. Finally, the median frequency balance cross-entropy loss function is used to suppress the unbalanced distribution of classes. The experiment was conducted on two datasets and shows that the overall accuracy,mean interaction over union, $\overline F _{1} $, and Kappa of SGE-Unet are better than mainstream models. In experiments of the Vaihingen dataset, the interaction over union and
F 1 of the car reached 0.719 and 0.901, which were 16% and 11% higher than those of the model with the second-highest performance. The experimental results show that the proposed module greatly improves the segmentation of easily confused objects, small-sized objects, and object boundaries.-
Key words:
- remote sensing image /
- semantics segmentation /
- deep learning /
- attention /
- loss function
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图 5 Vaihingen数据集上的特征热图及局部分割结果
Figure 5. Feature heat map and local segmentation results on Vaihingen dataset
图 6 Potsdam数据集上的特征热图及局部分割结果
Figure 6. Feature heat map and local segmentation results on Potsdam dataset
表 1 数据集分配
Table 1. Allocation of dataset
类别 Vaihingen Potsdam 训练集 1, 3, 11, 13, 15, 17, 21, 26, 28, 32, 34, 37 2_12, 3_10, 3_11, 3_12, 4_11, 4_12, 5_10, 5_12, 6_7,
6_8, 6_9, 6_10, 6_12, 7_7, 7_9, 7_10, 7_11, 7_12验证集 5, 7, 23, 30 2_11, 4_10, 5_11, 7_8 测试集 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 22, 24, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 38 2_10, 2_13, 2_14, 3_13, 3_14, 4_13, 4_14, 4_15,
5_13, 5_14, 5_15, 6_13, 6_14, 6_15, 7_13
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表 2 Vaihingen数据集上的语义分割结果
Table 2. Semantic segmentation result on Vaihingen dataset
模型 IOU F1 OA mIoU $\overline F _{1} $ Kappa 不透水表面 建筑 低植被 树 车 不透水表面 建筑 低植被 树 车 FCN[5] 0.669 0.761 0.506 0.697 0.634 0.801 0.864 0.687 0.822 0.768 0.823 0.653 0.788 0.783 SegNet[21] 0.753 0.805 0.656 0.705 0.458 0.859 0.892 0.792 0.827 0.629 0.845 0.675 0.800 0.791 DeepLabV3[26] 0.822 0.912 0.711 0.770 0.568 0.902 0.954 0.831 0.870 0.724 0.858 0.757 0.856 0.809 SCAttNetV2[27] 0.804 0.823 0.667 0.671 0.544 0.891 0.903 0.801 0.803 0.705 0.855 0.702 0.821 0.788 UNet++[17] 0.783 0.878 0.614 0.716 0.619 0.952 0.952 0.817 0.931 0.809 0.854 0.722 0.892 0.808 SGE-Unet 0.803 0.890 0.706 0.830 0.719 0.935 0.966 0.934 0.941 0.901 0.866 0.790 0.935 0.824
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表 3 Potsdam数据集上的语义分割结果
Table 3. Semantic segmentation result on Potsdam dataset
模型 IOU F1 OA mIoU $\overline F _{1} $ Kappa 不透水表面 建筑 低植被 树 车 不透水表面 建筑 低植被 树 车 FCN[5] 0.776 0.799 0.720 0.670 0.797 0.874 0.889 0.837 0.820 0.887 0.808 0.752 0.861 0.781 SegNet[21] 0.854 0.912 0.786 0.757 0.881 0.921 0.954 0.880 0.862 0.937 0.811 0.838 0.911 0.782 DeepLabV3[26] 0.882 0.944 0.789 0.745 0.871 0.938 0.971 0.882 0.854 0.931 0.835 0.846 0.915 0.799 SCAttNetV2[27] 0.818 0.888 0.707 0.663 0.803 0.901 0.941 0.829 0.797 0.891 0.879 0.776 0.872 0.805 UNet++[17] 0.864 0.923 0.781 0.767 0.865 0.941 0.974 0.895 0.883 0.933 0.872 0.840 0.925 0.828 SGE-Unet 0.879 0.940 0.815 0.795 0.891 0.955 0.982 0.905 0.957 0.969 0.883 0.864 0.954 0.843
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表 4 Vaihingen数据集上的消融实验
Table 4. Ablation experiments result on Vaihingen dataset
模型 IOU F1 OA mIoU $\overline F _{1} $ Kappa 不透水表面 建筑 低植被 树 车 不透水表面 建筑 低植被 树 车 UNet++ 0.783 0.877 0.613 0.716 0.619 0.973 0.952 0.817 0.930 0.809 0.853 0.722 0.896 0.808 UNet++&EfficientNet 0.815 0.911 0.627 0.721 0.655 0.976 0.967 0.823 0.937 0.832 0.866 0.746 0.907 0.825 UNet++&EfficientNet&SGE 0.813 0.901 0.626 0.722 0.714 0.971 0.963 0.826 0.938 0.894 0.867 0.755 0.918 0.824
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表 5 Potsdam数据集上的消融实验
Table 5. Ablation experiments result on Potsdam dataset
模型 IOU F1 OA mIoU $\overline F _{1} $ Kappa 不透水表面 建筑 低植被 树 车 不透水表面 建筑 低植被 树 车 UNet++ 0.811 0.905 0.695 0.666 0.804 0.965 0.974 0.895 0.883 0.931 0.872 0776 0.930 0.828 UNet++&EfficientNet 0.829 0.918 0.711 0.691 0.810 0.960 0.986 0.892 0.909 0.943 0.879 0.792 0.938 0.839 UNet++&EfficientNet&SGE 0.826 0.915 0.709 0.694 0.823 0.955 0.982 0.898 0.913 0.970 0.883 0.793 0.944 0.843
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表 6 各模型的参数量和计算复杂度对比
Table 6. Comparison of parameters and computational complexity of different modes
模型 参数量/MB 计算复杂度
GFLOPSOA $\overline F _{1} $ Vaihingen Potsdam Vaihingen Potsdam FCN[5] 21.30 19.20 0.823 0.808 0.621 0.757 SegNet[21] 18.82 117.74 0.845 0.811 0.675 0.838 DeepLabV3[26] 26.01 109.34 0.858 0.835 0.757 0.846 UNet++[17] 26.79 73.77 0.854 0.872 0.722 0.840 SGE-Unet 20.01 39.13 0.866 0.883 0.790 0.864
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