Detection of debonding defect in CFRP laminates using infrared pulse thermal wave tomography
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摘要:
为实现基于红外脉冲热波成像检测碳纤维增强塑料（CFRP）层压板脱黏缺陷的三维层析成像，完善外场定量检测保障体系，提高层压板在服役过程中的安全性和可靠性，开展了红外脉冲热波层析成像方法与检测技术研究。制备了一种人工脱粘缺陷试样，采用红外脉冲热波层析成像检测技术对脱粘缺陷进行检测，分析了脱粘区和非脱粘区的表面热信号瞬态响应过程及红外脉冲热波层析成像对脱粘缺陷的检测能力。通过脱粘区与非脱粘区基于对数多项式拟合的重构热信号差，计算得到热信号极值时间图像，分析了脱粘区极值时间变化规律及缺陷状态；采用核函数模糊C均值聚类对相同缺陷深度对应的极值时间数组进行二分类，由此计算数组平均值作为缺陷对应极值时间；将该时间与脱粘区极值时间数组建立统计关系来构造断层图像序列，并计算其对应的缺陷深度；在此基础上，利用等值面绘制方法实现层压板脱粘缺陷三维可视化。研究表明，红外脉冲热波层析成像能够定量检测CFRP层压板脱粘缺陷，准确可靠显示层压板内部缺陷的分布和形貌，检测缺陷深度与实际缺陷深度的最大相对偏差低于15%，对工程应用具有一定指导意义。
Abstract:To achieve the three-dimensional tomography for detecting debonding defects of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminates based on infrared pulse thermal wave imaging, consummate the out-field quantitative detection guarantee system, and improve the safety and reliability of laminates in service, research on infrared pulse thermal wave tomography method and detection technology is carried out. A specimen with artificial debonding defects was prepared, infrared pulse thermal wave imaging technology is employed to detect debonding defects. The transient response process of surface thermal signal in debonding and sound region and detection ability of infrared pulse thermal wave imaging are analyzed. Through reconstructed thermal signal difference between debonding and sound region based on logarithmic polynomial fitting, extreme time of thermal signal are calculated, and the change law of debonding region extreme time and defect state are analyzed;. Kernel fuzzy C-means clustering is used to classify extreme time array corresponding to the same defect depth, and the array average value is calculated as defect extreme time. Statistical relationship between the time and debonding region extreme time array is established to construct tomographic images sequence, and the corresponding defect depth is calculated. Three-dimensional visualization of debonding defects in laminate is achieved by isosurface drawing method. Research shows that infrared pulse thermal wave tomography can detect debonding defects of CFRP laminate. This method can accurately and reliably display distribution and morphology of internal defects in laminate. Maximum relative deviation between detected and actual defect depth is less than 15%, which has certain guiding significance for engineering application.
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图 2 红外脉冲热波成像检测工作站
Figure 2. Detection workstation of infrared pulse thermal wave imaging
图 3 脉冲激励结束后不同时刻试样表面热图
Figure 3. Heat images of sample surface at different time after pulse excitation
图 5 原始热图减背景热图的结果
Figure 5. Results of background heat image removed from original heat images
图 7 不同拟合方法重构热信号对比
Figure 7. Comparison of reconstructed thermal signals by different fitting methods
图 10 缺陷中心、边缘热信号差变化
Figure 10. Change of thermal signal difference at defect center and edge
表 1 试样孔深度h
Table 1. Sample hole depth h
mm 编号 A($ d = 20 $ mm) B($ d = 15 $ mm) C($ d = 10 $ mm) D($ d = 5 $ mm) E($ d = 3 $ mm) F($ d = 2 $ mm) 1 $ 1.5 $ $ 1.5 $ $ 1.5 $ $ 1 $ $ 1 $ $ 1 $ 2 $ 2 $ $ 2 $ $ 2 $ $ 1.5 $ $ 1.25 $ $ 1.25 $ 3 $ 2.5 $ $ 2.5 $ $ 2.5 $ $ 2 $ $ 1.5 $ $ 1.5 $ 4 $ 3 $ $ 3 $ $ 3 $ $ 2.5 $ $ 1.75 $ $ 1.75 $ 5 $ 3.5 $ $ 3.5 $ $ 3.5 $ $ 3 $ $ 2 $ $ 2 $ 6 $ 4 $ $ 4 $ $ 4 $ $ 3.5 $ $ 2.25 $ 7 $ 2.5 $ 8 $ 2.75 $ 9 $ 3 $ 10 $ 3.25 $ 
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表 2 缺陷深度计算结果
Table 2. Calculation results of defect depth
编号 实际缺陷深度/mm 计算缺陷深度/mm 绝对误差/mm 相对误差/% A6、B6 4 4.376 0.376 9.40 A5、B5 3.5 3.835 0.335 9.57 A4、B4 3 3.402 0.402 13.40 A3、B3 2.5 2.773 0.273 10.92 A2、B2 2 2.165 0.165 8.25 A1、B1 1.5 1.672 0.172 11.47
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