湿热环境下碳纤维层合板拉伸疲劳性能

许名瑞; 曾本银; 熊欣; 孟庆春; 程小全

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2021.0565

湿热环境下碳纤维层合板拉伸疲劳性能

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2021.0565

许名瑞^{1, 2},
曾本银^{1, 2},
熊欣²,
孟庆春²,
程小全^1, ,

1.
北京航空航天大学航空科学与工程学院，北京 100191
2.
中航工业中国直升机设计研究所，景德镇 333001

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail：xiaoquan_cheng@buaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: V215.5⁺2；TB332
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-23
- 录用日期: 2021-11-26
- 网络出版日期: 2021-12-15
- 整期出版日期: 2023-07-31

Tensile fatigue properties of carbon fiber laminates in hygrothermal environments

XU Mingrui^{1, 2},
ZENG Benyin^{1, 2},
XIONG Xin²,
MENG Qingchun²,
CHENG Xiaoquan^{1
, ,}

1.
School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering，Beihang University，Beijing 100191，China
2.
AVIC China Helicopter Research and Development Institute，Jingdezhen 333001，China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：xiaoquan_cheng@buaa.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
湿热环境是影响复合材料层合板力学性能的主要因素之一，研究湿热环境对复合材料结构的影响对于保证飞行结构安全具有非常重要的工程应用意义。研究碳纤维复合材料层合板在室温干态（RTD）、低温干态（CTD）和高温湿态（ETW）3种环境条件下的拉伸疲劳性能，获得3种环境下的S-N曲线与层合板疲劳破坏模式。在此基础上，建立层合板有限元分析模型，对其疲劳性能进行研究，分析讨论温度及湿度对层合板疲劳性能的影响，建立层合板疲劳寿命环境影响因子的确定方法。结果表明：湿热环境对正交层合板的拉伸疲劳性能影响很大，疲劳寿命为10⁶次时，与RTD环境相比，CTD环境下层合板的疲劳强度下降了2.76%，而ETW环境下下降达到23.77%；ETW和RTD环境下破坏模式以纤维断裂和分层为主，而CTD环境下却几乎全为纤维断裂破坏；S-N曲线包括疲劳强度快速下降和缓慢下降2个阶段；温度对疲劳性能的影响要明显强于湿度，温度超过45 ℃时湿度对疲劳性能的影响进入强影响区。
- 复合材料 /
- 湿热环境 /
- 疲劳性能 /
- S-N曲线 /
- 疲劳强度
Abstract:
The hygrothermal environment is one of the main factors affecting the mechanical properties of composite laminates. To maintain the safety of the flight structures, it is crucial to study how hygrothermal conditions affect composite structures.The tensile fatigue properties of carbon fiber composite laminates (CFRP) in room temperature and dry (RTD) condition, cool temperature and dry (CTD) condition and elevated temperature and wet (ETW) condition were experimentally studied, then the S-N curves and fatigue damage modes of CFRP laminates in three different environments were obtained. This served as the foundation for the development of the laminate finite element analysis model, the study of laminate fatigue performance, the analysis and discussion of the effects of temperature and humidity on laminate fatigue performance, and the development of a method for determining the environmental factors influencing the fatigue life of laminates. The results show that the tensile fatigue properties of orthometric laminates are greatly affected by the environment of ETW condition. Compared with the RTD condition, the fatigue strength of orthometric laminates decreases by 2.76% in CTD condition when the fatigue life equates to 10⁶, while the fatigue strength of orthometric laminates decreases by 23.77% ETW condition. The damage modes in RTD condition and in ETW condition are mainly fiber fracture and delamination, while the damage mode in CTD condition is almost fiber fracture. The S-N curve includes two stages of rapid and slow reduction for fatigue strength. The influence of temperature on fatigue performance is obviously stronger than that of humidity. When the temperature exceeds 45 ℃, the influence of humidity on fatigue performance enters the strong influence zone.
- composite materials /
- hygrothermal environment /
- fatigue life /
- S-N curve /
- fatigue strength

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图 1 拉伸静力与疲劳试验件

Figure 1. Tensile static force and fatigue specimens

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图 2 碳纤维CF3052/3238A拉伸疲劳试验装置

Figure 2. Tensile fatigue test device of carbon fiber CF3052/3238A

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图 3 有限元模型

Figure 3. Finite element model

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图 4 疲劳仿真分析流程图

Figure 4. Flow chart of fatigue simulation analysis

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图 5 正交层合板3种湿热环境下的S-N曲线

Figure 5. S-N curve of orthogonal laminate under three different hygrothermal environments

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图 6 正交层合板3种湿热环境下的正规则化S-N曲线

Figure 6. Normalized fatigue S-N curve of orthogonal laminate under three different hygrothermal environments

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图 7 正交铺层层合板3种环境下的疲劳破坏形貌

Figure 7. Fatigue damage morphology of orthogonal laminates under three different hygrothermal environments

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图 8 正交铺层层合板3种环境下沿厚度疲劳破坏形貌

Figure 8. Fatigue damage morphology along thickness of orthogonal laminates under three different hygrothermal environments

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图 9 有限元计算和试验结果最终破坏模式对比

Figure 9. Comparison of final damage modes between finite element calculation and test results

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图 10 不同湿热状态下寿命循环次数

Figure 10. Number of life cycles under different hygrothermal conditions

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图 11 对数寿命循环次数归一化

Figure 11. Normalization of logarithmic life cycles

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表 1 试验类型和试验件数量

Table 1. Test type and number of test specimer

试验类型	试验件数量
试验类型	RTD	CTD	ETW
吸湿试验	3
拉伸静力试验	3	3	3
拉-拉疲劳试验	16	16	16

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表 2 材料参数

Table 2. Material parameters

$ E_{{11}}^{0} $/GPa	$ E_{{22}}^{0} $/GPa	$ X_T^{0} $/MPa	$ Y_T^{0} $/MPa	$ G_{{12}}^{0} $/GPa
54.3	54.3	680	680	3.26

$ S_{{12}}^{0} $/GPa	$ \rho $/(g.cm⁻³)	${\rho _{{\rm{m}}} }$/(g.cm⁻³)	${V_{{\rm{m}}} }$/%
116	1.42	1.23	45

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表 3 经验常数

Table 3. Empirical constants

T_g0 /℃	T₀ /℃	g /℃	a	b	c	d
120	20	5	0.05	0.15	0.22	0.56

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表 4 材料弹性工程常数

Table 4. Elastic engineering constants of materials

E₁/GPa	E₂/GPa	E₃/GPa	G₁₂/GPa	G₁₃/GPa	G₂₃/GPa
54.3	54.3	3300	3.26	2.17	2.17

ν₁₂	ν₁₃	ν₂₃	X_T/MPa	X_C/MPa	Y_T/MPa
0.04	0.01	0.01	680	614.29	680

Y_C/MPa	S₁₂/MPa	S₁₃/MPa	S₂₃/MPa
614.29	115.98	73.5	73.5

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表 5 3种湿热环境条件下拉伸静力试验结果

Table 5. Tensile static test results under three different hygrothermal environments

环境	最大载荷/kN	拉伸强度均值/MPa	弹性模量/GPa
RTD	48.39	679.58	54.3
CTD	50.53	694.24	54.1
ETW	45.05	620.41	52.5

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表 6 3种湿热环境下的疲劳试验结果（应力比R=0.052 6）

Table 6. Fatigue test results under three different hygrothermal environments (Stress ratio R=0.052 6)

湿热环境	应力水平/%	最大应力/MPa	疲劳寿命/次
RTD	85.1, 83.1, 83.1, 83.1	578, 564.4, 564.4, 564.4,	3 699, 508 210, 753 116, 1 200 331
	87.1, 87.1, 85.1, 85.1	591.6, 591.6, 578, 578	43 027, 545 041, 1 200 200, 41 123
	90.1, 90.1, 90.1, 89.1	612, 612, 612, 605.2	159 724, 22 975, 67 479, 378 378
	94.1, 92.1, 92.1, 92.1	639.2, 625.6, 625.6, 625.6	1 836, 33 665, 8 491, 17 341
CTD	80	555.2	1 130 123, 1 072 928, 466 931, 760 758
	83	576.02	113 964, 141 959, 241 866, 155 203
	85	589.9	97 129, 103 678, 19 140, 3 610
	87	603.78	12 530, 211 101, 7 681, 4 500
ETW	70	555.2	1 305 108, 356 100, 98 753, 755 874
	75	576.0	133 981, 678 850, 578 040, 390 576
	84	589.9	47 578, 36 791, 11 762, 88 784
	86	603.8	36 877, 15 680, 7 160, 4 955

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表 7 有限元模拟预测值与试验值对比

Table 7. Comparison between predicted values of finite element simulation and test values

有限元数值		循环次数	对数寿命
试验值	1#	1200200	6.08
	2#	753 116	5.87
	3#	508 210	5.71
	均值	820 509	5.89
预测值		635 074	5.80
注：有限元预测值与试验值均值的循环次数误差为22.6%，对数寿命误差为1.5%。

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