基于改进AdaBoost.M2算法的自动调制识别方法

王沛; 刘春辉; 张多纳

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2021.0577

基于改进AdaBoost.M2算法的自动调制识别方法

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2021.0577

王沛^{1, 2},
刘春辉^{1, 2, ,},
张多纳³

1.
北京航空航天大学电子信息工程工程学院，北京 100191
2.
北京航空航天大学无人系统研究院，北京 100191
3.
北方工业大学信息工程学院，北京 100144

基金项目: 北京市自然科学基金(4204102)

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail：liuchunhui2134@buaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: TN911.3
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-28
- 录用日期: 2021-10-29
- 网络出版日期: 2021-11-11
- 整期出版日期: 2023-08-31

Automatic modulation recognition method based on improved weight AdaBoost.M2 algorithm

WANG Pei^{1, 2},
LIU Chunhui^{1, 2
, ,},
ZHANG Duona³

1.
School of Electronic Information Engineering，Beihang University，Beijing 100191，China
2.
Institute of Unmaned System，Beihang University，Beijing 100191，China
3.
School of Information Engineering，North University of Technology，Beijing 100144，China

Funds: Beijing Natural Science Foundation (4204102)

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：liuchunhui2134@buaa.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
针对同族调制类型通信信号识别难度大、深度学习模型普遍存在泛化能力弱的问题，基于经典AdaBoost.M2算法，提出改进样本权重的AdaBoost.M2算法，用于解决大样本情况下学习率与加权后样本数据难以相适应的问题。改进后的新样本权重确保训练样本数据的数量级在加权后不变，并使算法更迅速地关注到难分类样本，提高了弱分类器综合性能，降低了加权投票模型中弱分类器重要性之间的差异。针对部分样本的统计特性易淹没于噪声中造成难分类问题，提出随机特征裁剪方法，使算法避免过度关注异常特征，降低了极难分类样本对AdaBoost.M2算法性能的负面影响，提升了算法的泛化能力，并以低信噪比数据进行实验验证。针对调制类型同族信号难分类的问题，选取同族调制类型的通信信号开展模型训练和测试。实验结果表明：相比于单一卷积长短时记忆全连接深度网络（CLDNN）算法，改进AdaBoost.M2算法对低信噪比PSK族类和QAM族类通信信号的测试集准确率分别提高了8.5%和11.25%，相比于直接集成CLDNN的经典AdaBoost.M2算法，测试集准确率分别提高了8.25%和6.5%。
- AdaBoost.M2算法 /
- 深度学习 /
- 调制分类 /
- 样本权重 /
- 过拟合
Abstract:
A signal modulation recognition method is proposed based on AdaBoost.M2 algorithm to address difficult identification of signals from the same family of modulation types and the poor generalization of the deep learning model. An improved method of sample weight is proposed to solve the problem that the learning rate of the weak learning algorithm is difficult to adapt to the weighted sample data in the case of large samples. The improved sample weight ensures that the order of magnitude of the training sample data remains unchanged after weighting, so that the algorithm pays more attention to the difficult classification samples, improving the comprehensive performance of the weak classifier. In addition, in view of the difficult classification problem caused by the statistical characteristics of some samples easily submerged in noise, a random feature clipping method is proposed to avoid much attention given to abnormal features. This method reduces the negative impact of extremely difficult classification samples on the performance of AdaBoost.M2 algorithm, improving the generalization ability of the algorithm. Experimental verification with low signal-to-noise ratio data is conducted. Finally, given the fact that the signals of the same family of modulation types are difficult to classify, the signals of the same family are selected for model training and testing. Results show that the improved AdaBoost.M2 algorithm increases the test set accuracy of PSK family and QAM family by 8.5 and 11.25% respectively compared with the single CLDNN algorithm, and by 8.25 and 6.5% respectively compared with the classical AdaBoost.M2 algorithm.
- AdaBoost.M2 algorithm /
- deep learning /
- modulation classification /
- sample weight /
- over fitting

HTML全文

图 1 AdaBoost.M2算法框架

Figure 1. Framework of AdaBoost.M2 algorithm

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图 2 样本权重调整流程

Figure 2. Process of sample weight adjustment

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图 3 弱分类器CLDNN模型

Figure 3. Weak classifier CLDNN model

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图 4 分类器权重统计特性对比

Figure 4. Comparison of statistical characteristics of classifier weights

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图 5 分类器训练集准确率对比

Figure 5. Comparison of accuracy of training set

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图 6 分类器测试集准确率对比

Figure 6. Comparison of accuracy of testing set

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图 7 特征裁剪方法示意图

Figure 7. Schematic diagram of feature clipping method

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图 8 CLDNN算法对PSK族类分类结果混淆矩阵

Figure 8. Confusion matrix of PSK family classification by CLDNN algorithm

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图 9 经典AdaBoost.M2算法对PSK族类分类结果混淆矩阵

Figure 9. Confusion matrix of PSK family classification by classical AdaBoost.M2 algorithm

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图 10 本文算法对PSK族类分类结果混淆矩阵

Figure 10. Confusion matrix of PSK family classification by proposed algorithm

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图 11 CLDNN算法对QAM族类分类结果混淆矩阵

Figure 11. Confusion matrix of QAM family classification by CLDNN algorithm

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图 12 经典AdaBoost.M2算法对QAM族类分类结果混淆矩阵

Figure 12. Confusion matrix of QAM family classification by classical Adaboost.M2 algorithm

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图 13 本文算法对QAM族类分类结果混淆矩阵

Figure 13. Confusion matrix of QAM family classification by proposed algorithm

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图 14 PSK族类不同信噪比下分类准确率对比

Figure 14. Comparison of classification accuracy of PSK family with different SNRs

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图 15 不同信噪比下8PSK和16PSK信号分类准确率对比

Figure 15. Comparison of 8PSK and 16PSK signal classification accuracy with different signal-to-noise ratios

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图 17 不同信噪比下16QAM和32QAM信号分类准确率对比

Figure 17. Comparison of 16QAM and 32QAM signal classification accuracy with different signal-to-noise ratios

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图 16 QAM族类不同信噪比下分类准确率对比

Figure 16. Comparsion of classification accuracy of QAM family with different signal-to-noise ratios

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表 1 信号族类及调制类型

Table 1. Signal family and modulation type

族类	调制类型
PSK	8PSK、16PSK、32PSK、16APSK、32APSK
QAM	16QAM、32QAM、64QAM、128QAM、256QAM

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表 2 完整的参数组合及强分类器性能对比

Table 2. Complete parameter combination and comparison of strong classifier performance %

算法	训练集准确率						测试集准确率
	无参数组合	A	$\psi $				无参数组合	A	$\psi $
	无参数组合	A	2	3	5	10	无参数组合	A	2	3	5	10
CLDNN	88.85						79.75
经典AdaBoost.M2	85.45						80.00
改进样本权重的 AdaBoost.M2		0.5	92.80	93.60	92.85	94.85		0.5	84.75	84.00	85.50	84.50
		1	94.45	93.85	94.70	94.25		1	84.50	85.25	85.50	84.25
		2	94.65	95.40	95.60	96.10		2	82.75	81.75	81.50	83.50

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表 3 不同特征裁剪方法参数下性能对比

Table 3. Performance comparison of different feature clipping methods with different parameters %

c_s	训练集准确率				测试集准确率
c_s	c_f=64	c_f=128	c_f=256	c_f=512	c_f=64	c_f=128	c_f=256	c_f=512
125	92.45	93.10	93.70	93.60	80.50	78.25	83.25	80.50
62	95.30	95.50	95.50	95.80	84.50	84.50	84.25	86.75
30	91.50	91.60	91.60	89.15	85.50	85.50	85.25	84.25
20	90.00	92.20	91.25	91.10	86.00	85.25	83.25	86.25
10	92.60	92.80	92.75	93.85	84.75	87.25	88.25	84.25

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表 4 算法复杂度对比

Table 4. Complexity comparison of algorithm

算法	训练2 000个样本用时/min	单样本测试平均用时/ms
CLDNN	1.35	17.45
经典AdaBoost.M2	26.31	349.50
改进样本权重的AdaBoost.M2	27.85	390.13
本文算法	30.66	398.63

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表 5 各算法对不同族类信号分类结果对比

Table 5. Comparison of classification results of different signals by each algorithm %

算法	训练集准确率		测试集准确率
算法	PSK	QAM	PSK	QAM
CLDNN	88.85	93.40	79.75	75.75
经典AdaBoost.M2	85.45	87.95	80.00	80.50
本文算法	92.75	95.70	88.25	87.00

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