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摘要:
航空航天领域对于流量计量的要求愈发严格，研究流量计的动态特性对于提高其在各类环境下的测量性能和在线测量性能具有重要意义。以涡轮流量计为例，通过数值仿真研究了其动态性能。在涡轮流量计入口处分别施加脉冲和阶跃2种干扰信号，通过数据处理，得到系统的幅频特性、相频特性、传递函数和阶跃响应曲线。结果表明：涡轮流量计可以作为一阶系统进行分析，脉动流的频率是影响涡轮流量计性能的主要因素；与5 Hz工况相比，50 Hz工况下幅值比降低了60%；相位差随频率的增加而增大，最大相位差近40°；阶跃响应的速度和阶跃流的大小与阶跃幅值有关，负阶跃产生的时间常数大于正阶跃产生的时间常数。
Abstract:Currently, the aerospace industry has increasingly strict requirements for flow measuring, and therefore, studying the dynamic characteristics of the flowmeter is of great significant for improving the measurement performance and online measurement performance in various environments. In this paper, the dynamic performance of the turbine flow meter is studied by the numerical simulation. Two interference signals are applied at the turbine flowmeter inlet, and by data processing, the amplitude frequency characteristics, phase frequency characteristics, transfer functions, and step response curves of the system are obtained. The results show that the turbine flowmeter can be analyzed as a first-order system, and the frequency of pulsating flow is the main factor affecting the performance of turbine flowmeter.Compared with 5 Hz, 60% reduction in amplitude ratio under 50 Hz operating condions. The phase difference increases with the increase of frequency, the maximum phase difference reaches a nearly 40°, the speed of the step response is related to the size of the step stream, and the temporal constant generated by the negative step is greater than the time constant generated by the positive step.
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图 2 涡轮流量计三维仿真流场网格剖分结果
Figure 2. Results of 3D simulation flow field grid generation of turbine flowmeter
图 6 DN25涡轮流量计在不同流量点的频率与幅值比对比
Figure 6. DN25 turbine flowmeter comparison in frequency and amplitude ratio at different flow rates
图 7 DN25涡轮流量计在不同流量点的相位差和频率对比
Figure 7. Phase difference and frequency comparison of DN25 turbine flowmeter at different flow rates
图 9 涡轮流量计传递函数幅频特性曲线
Figure 9. Amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of turbine flowmeter transfer function
图 10 归一化处理后涡轮流量计相同流量点处不同阶跃幅值的阶跃响应
Figure 10. Step response of turbine flowmeter with different step amplitudes at the same flow rate after normalization
图 11 DN25涡轮流量计各流量点不同阶跃幅值下正负阶跃响应的时间常数
Figure 11. Time constant of positive and negative step responses of DN25 turbine flowmeter under different step amplitudes at each flow rate
表 1 涡轮流量计尺寸参数
Table 1. Turbine flowmeter dimension parameters
参数 数值 涡轮口径/mm 25 叶片个数 4 叶轮长度/mm 9.00 叶片厚度/mm 0.60 导程/mm 41.00 外缘半径/mm 12.00 轮毂半径/mm 5.40 涡轮总长/mm 20.2 壳体半径/mm 5.30 轴半径/mm 1.00 前轴长/mm 8.70 后轴长/mm 5.60 
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表 2 正弦脉动流动中各工况点参数
Table 2. Parameters of each working point in sinusoidal pulsating flow
流量点${{q} }_{0}$/（m3·h−1） 幅值${{q} }_{\mathit{A} }$/（m3·h−1） 脉动频率${f}$/Hz 1.6 0.18，0.36，0.54，0.78 5/10/15/20/30/40/50 3 0.3，0.6，0.9，1.2 6 0.3，0.6，0.9，1.2
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表 3 阶跃流动中各工况点参数
Table 3. Parameters of each working point in step flow
流量点${{q} }_{0}$/（m3·h−1） 幅值${{q} }_{\mathit{A} }$/（m3·h−1） 1.6 0.162，0.318，0.48，0.642 2.5 0.252，0.498，0.75，1.002 4 0.24，0.6，0.9，1.2 7 0.24，0.6，0.9，1.2 10 0.24，0.6，0.9，1.2
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