基于数字孪生技术的智慧停车场总体架构

尚可; 张宇琳; 张飞舟

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2021.0624

基于数字孪生技术的智慧停车场总体架构

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2021.0624

北京大学地球与空间科学学院，北京 100871

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail：zhangfz@pku.edu.cn

中图分类号: V221⁺.3；TB553
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-10-22
- 录用日期: 2022-01-27
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-05
- 整期出版日期: 2023-08-31

Architecture of smart parking lot based on digital twin technology

School of Earth and Space Sciences，Peking University，Beijing 100871，China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：zhangfz@pku.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
在城市大型停车场的智慧建设研究中，目前主要集中于硬件的升级改造及简单的人机交互，存在数字模拟与物理对象脱节、大数据利用率低的问题。为此，提出依托数字孪生技术对停车场的全要素进行数字仿真和物理映射，搭建4层数字孪生停车场基本体系架构，包括停车场全要素物理实体、停车场信息物理融合、停车场数字孪生模型、停车场应用智能服务平台，通过实时的信息传输，实现物理空间、物理对象与数字模型、虚拟对象之间的虚实映射；通过数字孪生域的不断仿真迭代，实现对物理域的实时决策和仿真预测，为用户及管理员提供泊位分配、泊车诱导、风险评估等服务。在所搭建架构内，分析了停车场全要素孪生数字精准建模、短时泊位预测、泊位分配与交替停车、泊车诱导这4大关键技术的重要性及设计要求，并通过ThingJS、MATLAB等工具对地下停车场三维空间结构进行建模及对场内泊车诱导路径规划的仿真和可视化，初步验证了构建数字孪生停车场的可行性。
- 数字孪生 /
- 智能交通 /
- 智慧停车场 /
- 泊位分配 /
- 泊车诱导
Abstract:
In the research on the construction of large and medium-sized parking lots in cities, the current focus is mainly on hardware upgrades and simple human-computer interactions. However, neither the low use of big data nor the divergence between digital simulation and actual things has been resolved. Based on digital twin technology, a general idea of digital simulation and physical mapping for factors of the parking lot was advanced to established a 4-layer theoretical architecture for a digital twin parking lot. It includes the all elements physical entity of the parking lot, physical integration of the parking lot’s information, digital twin model of the parking lot, and intelligent service platform of the parking lot’s application. Real-time mapping between physical objects in physical space and virtual objects in virtual space is realized through real-time information transmission; real-time decision-making and simulation predictions in the physical domain is realized through continuous simulation iteration in the digital twin domain, providing services for users and administrators, such as parking allocation, parking guidance, and risk assessment. According to this framework, 4 key points were analyzed, including the precision modeling of all elements in the parking lot, short-time parking prediction, parking space allocation and alternate parking, and parking guidance. The feasibility of constructing a digital twin parking lot is preliminarily verified by the three-dimensional spatial structure modeling of an underground parking lot, and simulation and visualization of the parking guidance path planning using tools such as ThingJS and MATLAB.
- digital twin /
- intelligent transportation system /
- smart parking lot /
- parking allocation /
- parking guidance

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图 1 数字孪生系统通用框架

Figure 1. General framework of digital twin system

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图 2 基于数字孪生的停车场整体架构

Figure 2. Overall architecture of parking lot based on digital twin technology

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图 3 车辆出入库管理系统仿真界面

Figure 3. Simulation interface of vehicle entry and exit management system

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图 4 用户停车及取车行为轨迹示意图

Figure 4. Trajectory diagram of parking and pickup behaviors of users

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图 5 数字孪生停车场的应用功能及与物理域的交互模式

Figure 5. Application function of digital twin parking lot and interaction mode with physical domain

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图 6 停车场数字孪生模型总体架构中各模型之间的关系

Figure 6. Relationships among components of overall architecture in parking lot digital twin model

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图 7 地下停车场三维空间结构建模

Figure 7. Three-dimensional spatial structure modeling of an underground parking lot

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图 8 基于PLDTM的信息物理融合系统

Figure 8. Cyber-physical systems based on PLDTM

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图 9 交替停车泊位时间分配示意图

Figure 9. Schematic diagram of parking time allocation for alternate parking

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图 10 基于A*算法的停车场内部泊车诱导路径规划

Figure 10. Parking guidance path planning in the parking lot based on A* algorithm

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图 11 A*算法流程

Figure 11. A* algorithm flow chart

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表 1 停车场B2层模型参数

Table 1. Model parameters of parking lot B2 floor

物体长/m 宽/m

泊位 6 3
车道 6

立柱(每组) 6 1

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表 2 路径规划参数统计表

Table 2. Statistical table of path planning parameters

方案起始点坐标/m 目标点坐标/m 路径代价/m 转弯代价

方案1 (8, 6) (84, 48) 96.91 12
方案2 (8, 6) (84, 48) 98.08 12

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