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摘要:
针对混合翼身融合布局面临的三轴运动耦合和大迎角失稳等潜在操稳问题，研制三自由度虚拟飞行试验系统，基于动力学相似模型开展纵向和横航向开环虚拟飞行试验，对飞机的本体操稳特性进行研究。结果表明：该混合翼身融合布局飞机纵向和航向开环操纵均存在三轴运动耦合现象。纵向操纵会引起大迎角极限环失稳现象，迎角振荡平衡位置约为28°、振荡幅值约为2.56°、振荡主频率为0.55 Hz，振荡过程中气动力呈现非定常特性；V型尾翼偏航操纵响应呈现横向运动幅值最大、偏航运动次之、俯仰运动最小的特点。
Abstract:A three-degree-of-freedom wind tunnel virtual flight test system was created in an effort to address the possible stability issues of three-axis kinematic coupling and high angle-of-attack instability presented by the hybrid wing-body aircraft. Based on the dynamic similarity model, longitudinal and transverse open-loop virtual flight tests were carried out to study the stability characteristics of the aircraft. The research results show that there is a three-axis motion coupling phenomenon in both the longitudinal and directional open-loop manipulation of the hybrid wing-body aircraft. Longitudinal manipulation will cause the instability of the limit cycle at high angles of attack. The equilibrium position of oscillation is about 28°, the oscillation amplitude is about 2.56°, and the main oscillation frequency is 0.55 Hz. The aerodynamic force presents unsteady characteristics during the oscillation process; The lateral motion amplitude of the yaw manipulation is the largest, followed by yaw motion and pitch motion.
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图 3 纵向静态测力试验结果（$ \beta = $0°）
Figure 3. Longitudinal static force wind tunnel test results（$ \beta = $0°）
图 8 纵向操纵三轴开环响应结果
Figure 8. Three-axis open-loop responses results of longitudinal control
图 15 俯仰极限环振荡频率特性
Figure 15. Oscillation frequency characteristics of pitch limit cycle
图 16 俯仰极限环振荡俯仰力矩特性
Figure 16. Characteristics of oscillating pitching moment of pitching limit cycle
表 1 混合翼身融合布局民机几何参数
Table 1. Geometric parameters of hybrid wing body civil aircraft
机翼面积S/m2 展长L/m 平均气动弦长c/m 参考中心与机头距离/m 26.802 36 10.413 14.445 
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表 2 虚拟飞行试验参数相似准则（模型/原型机）[18]
Table 2. Scaling parameters for wind tunnel virtual flight test(sub-scale model/full-scale model prototype)[18]
参数 比例 参数 比例 线性尺寸 $ N $ 弗劳德数${V^{2} }/{g l}$ 1 线速度 $ N^{0.5} $ 质量${m}/{l^{3} \rho}$ 1 线加速度 1 惯量${J}/{l^{5} \rho}$ 1 角速度 $ N^{-0.5} $ 时间${ t } $ $ N^{0.5} $ 角加速度 $ N^{-1} $
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