Error analysis and suppression of probe system for SERF atomic spin co-magnetometer
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摘要:
在无自旋交换弛豫(SERF)原子自旋惯性测量装置中，检测系统的性能是决定输出信号灵敏度和稳定性极限的关键因素。为有效抑制SERF原子自旋惯性测量的低频随机噪声，在横向电子自旋极化率稳态解和旋光角表达式的基础上，建立检测相关的输出信号误差机理模型，明确了检测系统影响最终测量信号噪声的主要因素。研究结果表明：检测光入射气室时的初始光强作为信号背景直接引起刻度系数的波动而非作用于电子自旋，而检测光的非理想线偏振导致电子自旋产生横向抽运效果和横向光频移作用，从而引入测量误差。针对检测系统影响测量信号噪声的主要参数，设计了参数优化路径：先通过优化检测光频率，提高惯性测量刻度系数，后通过检测光功率的优化，减小横向抽运效应、横向光频移作用及检测光背景波动。实验表明：通过对比输出信号的Allan方差，优化后SERF原子自旋惯性测量的零偏不稳定性减小了1.8倍，速率斜坡噪声系数从0.124 (º)/h2减小至0.041 (º)/h2，达到了抑制测量信号低频随机噪声的效果。
Abstract:The performance of the probe system is the key factor to determine the sensitivity and stability limit of the spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) atomic spin co-magnetometer for inertial measurement. In order to suppress the low-frequency random noise in SERF auto spin co-magnetometer, the error mechanism model for the probe system is established based on the steady-state solution of transverse electron spin polarization and optical rotation angle. The main factors affecting the output signal of the probe system are clarified. According to model analysis, the initial probe light intensity incident on the vapor cell as the signal background directly causes the fluctuation of the scale coefficient rather than the electron spins. In addition, the non-ideal linear polarization of probe light affects the electron spins in a transverse pumping manner and causes a light shift, both of which can cause measurement error. Aiming at the main parameters affecting the noise, the optimization path has been proposed. The probe light frequency has been first optimized to increase the scale coefficient of inertial measurement. Then the transverse pumping rate, light shift, and background fluctuation have been reduced by optimizing the probe light intensity. According to the analysis of Allan variance, the bias instability of SERF auto spin co-magnetometer is suppressed by 1.8 times, and the coefficients of rate ramp are reduced from 0.124 (º)/h2 to 0.041 (º)/h2. Therefore, the effect of reducing the low-frequency random noise in the output signal is achieved.
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图 1 基于偏振平衡分束的检测光光路示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of probe beam based on polarization balance difference optical path
图 2 输出信号随检测光波长变化关系仿真
Figure 2. Simulation of relationship between output signal and probe light wavelength
图 3 检测光波长与惯性测量刻度系数的实测关系
Figure 3. Measurement results of relationship between probe light wavelength and scale coefficients for co-magnetometer
图 4 激光器控制电流与检测光功率关系标定
Figure 4. Measurement results of relationship between laser control current and probe light power
图 5 检测光功率优化惯性测量输出信号Allan方差分析
Figure 5. Allan variance analysis for output signals of the co-magnetometer optimized by probe light power
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