Effect of high altitude and low pressure on cycle performance of lithium-ion batteries
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摘要:
随着锂离子电池在中国高高原地区及机场的应用，其在高海拔低气压环境下的循环性能及老化机制成为一个亟须解决的问题。对此，在96 kPa-25℃（常温常压）及60 kPa-25℃（常温低压）环境下，通过电池健康状态、直流放电内阻、电化学阻抗、容量增量及微分电压曲线等电池电化学特征参数对NCM523软包锂离子电池的老化行为进行了分析。研究表明：60 kPa低气压环境加速了锂离子电池老化进程，电池内部结构受60 kPa低气压应力影响，致使电池欧姆阻抗和电荷转移阻抗较常压工况分别增加6.22%和45.76%，锂脱嵌反应受限，电池界面动力学衰退；因电池阻抗增大造成以正极活性锂离子损失主导的循环容量加速衰减，电池健康状态衰减率较常压工况高3.08%。
Abstract:Lithium-ion batteries have been used in high-altitude areas and airports in China, and therefore it is urgent to investigate their cycle performance and aging mechanism in high-altitude and low-pressure environments. The aging behavior of NCM523 pouch lithium-ion batteries is analyzed in terms of electrochemical characteristics such as battery health status, charging energy, direct current internal resistance, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, capacity increase and differential voltage curves under 96 kPa-25℃ (normal temperature and pressure) and 60 kPa-25℃ (normal temperature and low pressure). The results show that the low pressure of 60 kPa accelerates the aging process of lithium-ion batteries. The internal structure of the battery is affected by low pressure, which increases the ohmic resistance and charge transfer resistance of the battery by 6.22% and 45.76%, respectively, compared with those under normal pressure. In addition, the lithium deintercalation reaction is limited, and the kinetic properties of the battery interface are reduced. Due to the increase of the battery impedance, the cycle capacity decays rapidly, determined by the loss of active Li+ of the cathode. The attenuation rate of the battery health state is higher by 3.08% than that under atmospheric pressure.
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Key words:
- lithium-ion battery /
- high altitude /
- low pressure /
- aging mechanism /
- characteristic parameter
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图 1 不同气压下电池容量及SOH随循环次数的变化曲线
Figure 1. Variations of battery capacity and SOH with number of cycles under different air pressures
图 2 不同气压下直流放电内阻随循环次数的变化曲线
Figure 2. Variations of direct current internal resistance with number of cycles under different air pressures
图 3 不同气压下100%SOC-EIS随循环次数的变化曲线
Figure 3. Variations of 100% SOC-EIS with number of cycles under different air pressures
图 4 新电池及老化电池放电状态下dQ/dV曲线
Figure 4. dQ/dV in discharged state of new battery and aging battery
图 5 新电池及老化电池放电状态下-Q0dV/dQ曲线
Figure 5. -Q0dV/dQ in discharged state of new battery and aging battery
表 1 实验用锂离子电池参数
Table 1. Lithium-ion battery parameters of experiment
参数 规格 电池类型 LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2/石墨，软包 电芯工艺 卷绕式 折数 20 额定容量/mAh 5 000 截止电压/V 2.75~4.2 标称电压/V 3.7 尺寸/(mm×mm×mm) 75×68×7 
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