对比阈值效应对跑道视程测量的影响

庄子波; 王文惠; 台宏达; 王晶

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2022.0040

对比阈值效应对跑道视程测量的影响

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2022.0040

1.
中国民航大学飞行分校，天津 300300
2.
中国民航大学安全科学与工程学院，天津 300300
3.
中国民航大学空中交通管理学院，天津 300300

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(41905129)

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail： hdtai@cauc.edu.cn

中图分类号: V321.223
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-01-21
- 录用日期: 2022-04-16
- 网络出版日期: 2022-04-22
- 整期出版日期: 2023-11-30

Influence of contrast threshold effect on runway visual range measurement

1.
The Flight Technology College，Civil Aviation University of China，Tianjin 300300，China
2.
College of Safety Science and Engineering，Civil Aviation University of China，Tianjin 300300，China
3.
College of Air Traffic Management，Civil Aviation University of China，Tianjin 300300，China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (41905129)

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：hdtai@cauc.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
针对传统的日间跑道视程(RVR)计算过程中忽略人眼对比阈值的影响问题，理论分析人眼对比阈值的大小及偏差对RVR测量范围和精度的影响，分别测量与飞行一线密切相关的飞行、管制、应用气象3类专业学员的对比阈值，探究不同光环境下对比阈值的差异性对RVR测量的精度及对飞行运行中可接受的误差范围的影响。实验结果表明：相较于管制、应用气象学员2类实验对象，飞行学员的对比阈值更小，具有更好的能见度水平。背景亮度会影响对比阈值，亮度越大，对比阈值越小，对RVR观测有利，但是背景亮度增大或者添加眩光都会使实验对象之间的对比阈值差异增大，引起更大的RVR误差。该误差在大气状况良好时是可以接受的，但是在RVR小于800 m的低能见度状况下超出了规定范围，尤其是在RVR为400 m或800 m这种航空运行的关键节点，会对飞行活动产生影响，应考虑将对比阈值引起的偏差进行修正，以保证低能见度条件下的飞行安全和运行效率。
- 能见度 /
- 对比阈值 /
- 对比敏感度 /
- 跑道视程 /
- 背景亮度 /
- 眩光
Abstract:
The influence of eye contrast threshold is neglected in the traditional calculation of daytime runway visual range (RVR). Therefore, this paper first theoretically analyzes the influence of the human eye contrast threshold on RVR measurement range and accuracy. Then, experiments are designed to measure the contrast thresholds of students majoring in flight, control and applied meteorology, which are closely related to the front line of flight, respectively, to explore the differences of contrast thresholds in different light environments and their influence on RVR. According to the experimental findings, flying cadets have a lower contrast threshold and better visibility than the other two types of testing objects. At the same time, the background brightness will also affect the contrast threshold. The contrast threshold decreases with increasing brightness, which is advantageous for RVR observation. When the RVR is between 400 and 800 meters, which is the important node of aviation operations and will have an impact on flight activities, this mistake is acceptable. However, when the RVR is less than 800 meters in bad visibility, it is beyond the specified range. The deviation caused by the contrast threshold should be corrected to ensure flight safety.
- visibility /
- contrast threshold /
- contrast sensitivity /
- runway visual range /
- background brightness /
- glare

HTML全文

图 1 RVR随对比阈值的变化

Figure 1. RVR changes with contrast threshold

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图 2 RVR绝对误差随对比阈值的变化

Figure 2. Absolute error of RVR changes with contrast threshold

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图 3 RM800型对比敏感度仪

Figure 3. RM800 contrast sensitivity instrument

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图 4 对比敏感度检测视标示意图

Figure 4. Contrast sensitivity test depends on label intention

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图 5 目视观测RVR较理论值的偏差

Figure 5. Deviation of visual RVR from theoretical value

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图 6 RVR大于 800 m时RVR绝对误差

Figure 6. Bsolute error of RVR observed when RVR is greater than 800 m

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图 7 RVR在400～800 m范围内RVR绝对误差

Figure 7. Absolute error of RVR observed in range of 400−800 m

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图 8 RVR在10～400 m范围内RVR绝对误差

Figure 8. Absolute error of RVR observed in range of 10−400 m

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表 1 测试等级

Table 1. Test grade

测试等级	眩光	背景亮度/(cd·m⁻²)
1	OFF	3
2	ON	3
3	OFF	85
4	ON	85

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 应用气象学员、管制学员和飞行学员的对比阈值平均值

Table 2. Average of contrast thresholds for meteorological trainees, air traffic control trainees and flight trainees

测试环境	飞行学员	管制学员	应用气象学员
白天	0.0169±0.0003	0.0182±0.0004	0.0188±0.0003
黄昏	0.0182±0.0003	0.0187±0.0004	0.0194±0.0004
白天有眩光	0.0144±0.0003	0.0152±0.0004	0.0172±0.0004
黄昏有眩光	0.0168±0.0004	0.0175±0.0003	0.0187±0.0003

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