Characteristic analysis and diagnosis of double charged ions of continuous variable-thrust ion thruster
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摘要:
离子推力器束流离子中的双荷离子在制约栅极组件工作寿命的同时也影响到推力器实际推力的大小，其在总束流中的占比直接决定了推力器寿命、推力等关键性能指标的符合性。为准确、快速研判10 cm氙离子推力器在宽范围推力调节过程中的双荷离子占比，利用放电室经验模型，分析了推力器变推力调节过程中双荷离子的变化特性及其影响因素，结合实际工作参数计算得到了不同推力工况点下双荷离子的理论占比。在此基础上，采用
E ×B 探针诊断系统测试获得了相应推力工况点下双荷离子的实验占比，并将理论计算结果与实验测试结果进行了对比。研究结果表明：离子推力器放电室内双荷离子的占比是关于推力器工质利用率等性能参数及原初电子与麦氏电子间的密度比、电子温度等相关等离子体参数的函数；在变推力调节过程中，随着放电室内阳极功率的增加，束流中的双荷离子比例不断上升，且其引出束流中双荷离子比例分布呈现出强烈的非线性分布，整体表现为伴随增长的趋势。研究为离子推力器在轨控制策略的优化设计及性能评估提供了技术支持。Abstract:The double charged ion in the beam of ion thruster not only restricts the working life of the grid components but also affects the actual thrust of the thruster, and its proportion in the total beam directly determines the conformity of the key performance such as thrust and life of the thruster. In order to evaluate the double charged ion ratio of a 10 cm xenon ion thruster in the wide range of thrust adjustment processes accurately and rapidly, the variation characteristics and influencing factors of double charged ions during variable thrust adjustment of thruster are analyzed by using the empirical model of discharge chamber, and the theoretical proportion of double charged ions at different thrust points was obtained by calculating the actual working parameters. The experimental results are compared with the results of the theoretical calculations based on it, and the experimental proportion of double charged ions at matching thrust locations was acquired using the E-B probe diagnostic system. Results showed that: the proportion of double charged ions in ion thruster is a function of propellant utilization efficiency in discharge chamber and electron temperature, primary electron and maxwell electron density ratio. Additionally, as the anode power in the discharge chamber rises during the variable thrust adjustment process, the proportion of double-charged ions in the beam also rises. This proportion exhibits a strong nonlinear distribution, with an upward trend overall. The above research will certainly provide technical support for the optimal design of an on-orbit control strategy for ion thruster and its performance evaluation.
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Key words:
- ion thruster /
- continuous variable-thrust /
- discharge chamber /
- double charged ion /
- diagnosis
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图 1 放电室内电流平衡过程示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of current balance process in discharge chamber
图 4 不同推力工况点下10 cm连续变推力离子推力器的离子束流引出状态
Figure 4. Working state of 10 cm continuous variable-thrust ion thruster under different thrust conditions
图 5 不同推力工况点下 E×B 探针的束流扫描结果
Figure 5. Beam scanning results of E×B probe under different thrust conditions
图 6 宽范围束流调节中双荷离子比例变化关系
Figure 6. Relationship of double charged ion ratio variation in wide range thrust regulation
表 1 20 mN 工况点下推力器工作参数
Table 1. Working parameters at 20 mN operating point
工作参数 电压/V 电流/A 阳极 40 2.8 主阴极触持极 10.5 0.8 励磁线圈 22 0.62 屏栅 1150 0.376 加速栅 −150 0.001 中和器触持极 17.2 1.4 
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表 2 20 mN 工况点下放电室等离子体特性参数（理论计算结果）
Table 2. Plasma characteristic parameters of discharge chamber at 20 mN operating point (theoretical calculation results)
中性气体原子密度/m−3 原初电子密度/m−3 麦氏电子温度/eV 放电室产生离子电流/mA 原初电子与麦氏电子密度比 0.81×1018 0.85×1017 5.35 476 0.231
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表 3 不同推力工况点下双荷离子比例数据对比
Table 3. Comparison of double charged ion ratio data at different thrust working points
标称推力点/ mN 双荷离子比例（双/单） 误差/% 理论值 实测值 1 0.023 0.022 4.55 3 0.063 0.069 −8.70 15 0.110 0.115 −4.35 20 0.165 0.168 −1.79
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