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摘要:
运载火箭在研制初期会根据卫星的包络需求提出整流罩的包络尺寸，进而提出火箭的初步构型设计。为了预示火箭设计构型的抖振风险，需针对火箭具体的外形尺寸、箭体频率、刚度数据开展跨声速抖振试验研究的相关工作。采用全弹性模型的抖振试验技术，以某型火箭3种5 m级直径整流罩构型为研究目标，通过开展2个方向的抖振试验，采用特征系统实现算法，评估3种火箭构型的抖振风险。研究结果表明：5.2 m直径整流罩+3.35 m直径三级构型一阶弹性模型对来流的响应时间短、响应幅值低，一阶和二阶弹性模型的气动阻尼值均大于零，可作为中国未来中型运载火箭大直径整流罩构型的外形设计方案。
Abstract:The envelope size of the fairing will be recommended during the first stage of launch vehicle design in accordance with the satellite’s envelope size requirements, which also affects the launch vehicle’s basic configuration design. To predict the buffeting risk of this configuration, the aerodynamics design team will carry out transonic aerodynamic buffeting test research in the aspect of the specific launch vehicle configuration size, frequency, and stiffness data. In this paper, the buffeting test technology of the full elastic model is adopted, and the research goal is to carry out the buffeting test in two directions for three configurations of 5 m diameter fairing of a certain rocket. The buffeting risk of the three configurations is evaluated by using the eigen system realization algorithm. The research findings indicate that the first-order elastic model of the 5.2 m diameter faring + 3.35 m diameter three-stage configuration has a quick response to incoming flow and a small response amplitude, and that the aerodynamic damping values of the first and second free-free bending modes are both positive. As a result, it can be used as the shape design solution for the large-diameter fairing of the medium-sized launch vehicle in our country.
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Key words:
- fairing /
- launch vehicle /
- transonic /
- buffeting /
- eigensystem realization algorithm /
- full-elastic model /
- wind tunnel test
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图 1 3种5 m级直径整流罩运载火箭构型的外形对比
Figure 1. Shape comparison of three launch vehicle configurations with five meters diameter fairing
图 4 5.2 m+3.0 m构型真实箭体缩比后与弹性模型的振型对比
Figure 4. Comparison of vibration patterns between scaled real launch vehicle with 5.2 m+3.0 m configuration and elastic model
图 5 激振及应变测量系统示意图
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of vibration and strain measurement system
图 6 5.2 m+3.0 m构型的一阶和二阶弹性模型气动阻尼
Figure 6. Pneumatic damping of first-order and second-order elastic model of 5.2 m+3.0 m configuration
图 7 4.8 m+3.0 m构型的一阶和二阶弹性模型气动阻尼
Figure 7. Pneumatic damping of first-order and second-order elastic model of 4.8 m+3.0 m configuration
图 8 5.2 m+3.35 m构型的一阶和二阶弹性模型气动阻尼
Figure 8. Pneumatic damping of first-order and second-order elastic model of 5.2 m+3.35 m configuration
图 9 3种构型的弯矩响应对比
Figure 9. Comparison of bending moment response of three configurations
表 1 3种构型满足标准的情况
Table 1. Three configurations meet standards
整流罩
构型D/d
（参考值≤1.6）l/D
（参考值>2.8）对标情况 5.2 m+3.0 m构型 1.73 2.21 2项指标均超参考值 4.8 m+3.0 m构型 1.60 2.45 1项指标超参考值，
1项临界5.2 m+3.35 m构型 1.55 未超出参考值 
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表 2 弹性模型设计相似关系
Table 2. Similarity relationship of elastic model design
设计参数 缩比参数 关系 速度v 速度比Kv Kρ−1/2Kq1/2 密度$\rho $ 密度比Kρ 动压q 动压比Kq 质量W 质量比Kw $K_p K^3_L $ 头部质量 长度L 长度比KL 一阶频率f1 频率比Kf Kρ−1/2Kq1/2KL−1 二阶频率f2 刚度E 刚度比KE $K_q K^4_L $
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