低轨互联网星座发展研究

吴树范; 王伟; 温济帆; 吴岳东

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2022.0242

低轨互联网星座发展研究

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2022.0242

上海交通大学航空航天学院，上海 200240

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(11902175,U20B2056)

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail：wangwei215661@sjtu.edu.cn

中图分类号: V221⁺.3；TB553
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-11
- 录用日期: 2022-08-11
- 网络出版日期: 2022-08-19
- 整期出版日期: 2024-01-31

Review on development of LEO Internet constellation

School of Aeronautics and Astronautics，Shanghai Jiao Tong University，Shanghai 200240，China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (11902175,U20B2056)

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：wangwei215661@sjtu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
近年来，随着互联网用户激增， SpaceX、OneWeb等创新型企业纷纷计划打造低轨互联网星座，引发全球低轨卫星互联网星座的发展热潮。因此，研究国内外低轨互联网星座的发展情况及当前面临的技术难题有着很重要的意义。基于此，介绍了国外具有代表性的3个低轨互联网星座计划(Starlink、OneWeb、Lightspeed)及国内星座的最新发展情况；根据低轨互联网星座的特点，着重分析了低轨互联网星座面临的五大技术挑战：星座相对运动演化预报、星座自主导航与定轨、星座构型重构的路径规划、星座自组织协同构型控制、星座通信与网络服务；根据当前低轨互联网星座的发展趋势，对中国在低轨互联网星座的发展给出了建议。
- 低轨互联网星座 /
- 星座相对运动演化预报 /
- 星座自主导航与定轨 /
- 星座构型重构的路径规划 /
- 星座自组织协同构型控制
Abstract:
In recent years, several innovative enterprises like SpaceX and OneWeb have initiated the LEO Internet constellations. Therefore, recognizing its importance to the internet usersis meaningful to review the state-of-the-art technologies and the relevant challenges. In this review, three representative LEO Internet constellation plans (Starlink, OneWeb, Lightspeed) and the latest development in China are firstly introduced. Then, according to the characteristics of LEO Internet constellations, five major challenges of the LEO Internet constellations are analyzed, i.e., prediction of relative motion evolution of constellation, autonomous navigation and orbiting of constellation, path planning for constellation configuration reconstruction, constellation self-organizing collaborative configuration control, constellation communication and network services. Finally, some suggestions are provided for the development of LEO Internet constellation in China.

HTML全文

图 1 Starlink星座^[1]

Figure 1. Starlink constellation^[1]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 OneWeb星座^[4]

Figure 2. OneWeb constellation^[4]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 Lightspeed星座^[6]

Figure 3. Lightspeed constellation^[6]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 国内代表性低轨互联网星座

Table 1. Representative LEO Internet constellations in China

单位	卫星星座	卫星数量/颗	已发射卫星数量/颗
中国航天科技集团公司	鸿雁星座	300	1
中国航天科工集团有限公司	虹云工程	156	1
中国航天科工集团有限公司	行云工程	80	2
中国电子科技集团有限公司	天象星座	120	2
银河航天(北京)科技有限公司	银河5G	650	1
北京未来导航科技有限公司	微厘空间	120	1

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 “GW”星座构型分布^[6]

Table 2. “GW” constellation configuration distribution^[6]

星座计划	星座子计划	轨道高度/km	轨道倾角/（°）	轨道面卫星数	轨道面	卫星总数/颗
GW-A59 星座	GW-A59/1	590	85	16	30	6080
	GW-A59/2	600	50	40	50
	GW-A59/3	508	55	60	60
GW-2 星座	GW-2/1	1145	30	48	36	6912
	GW-2/2	1145	40	48	36
	GW-2/3	1145	50	48	36
	GW-2/4	1145	60	48	36

下载: 导出CSV

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