基于过零点斜率加窗解调的ACARS信号接收方法

路辉; 张帆; 张宇轩

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2022.0292

基于过零点斜率加窗解调的ACARS信号接收方法

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2022.0292

北京航空航天大学电子信息工程学院，北京 100191

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(61827901)

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail：mluhui@buaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: V243.1；TP919.3⁺2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-28
- 录用日期: 2022-09-23
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-01
- 整期出版日期: 2024-03-27

ACARS signal receiving method based on window demodulation of zero-crossing slope

School of Electronic and Information Engineering，Beihang University，Beijing 100191，China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (61827901)

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：mluhui@buaa.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
飞机通信寻址与报告系统(ACARS)允许飞机和地面站之间发送和接收报文，在保障飞行安全、实现空中交通管制等方面具有重要意义。通信链路的噪声和频偏是影响ACARS信号接收性能的关键因素。针对ACARS信号接收过程中的失真等问题，深入研究频偏、噪声等因素与ACARS报文接收性能之间的关系；在充分考虑噪声与多普勒频移等因素的基础上，提出基于过零点斜率加窗解调的ACARS信号接收方法，并从理论和仿真分析2方面探讨不同方法的抗频偏抗噪声能力；设计并搭建基于软件无线电平台的ACARS信号接收系统。通过对ACARS报文接收性能的仿真分析和真实报文接收性能的对比分析，表明所提方法在提升抗噪声和频偏能力、降低误码率等方面均具有优势。
- 飞机通信寻址与报告系统 /
- 噪声 /
- 频偏 /
- 软件无线电 /
- 过零点斜率加窗解调
Abstract:
The aircraft communication addressing and reporting system (ACARS) is a digital communication system that allows messages to be sent and received between aircraft and ground stations. It is important for ground-to-air data links, flight safety, and air traffic control. The noise and frequency offset of the communication link are the key factors that affect the performance of ACARS signal reception. Aiming at the distortion in the ACARS signal receiving process, this paper deeply studies the relationship between the frequency offset, environmental noise and other factors and the ACARS message receiving performance. An ACARS signal receiving method based on zero-crossing slope window demodulation is proposed, and the anti-frequency offset resistance of various methods is discussed from the two aspects of theory and simulation analysis. This is based on fully accounting for factors like noise and Doppler frequency shift.This article uses the USRP architecture to design and construct an ACARS reception system based on the software radio platform.Through the simulation analysis of the ACARS message reception performance and the comparison analysis of the real message reception performance, the proposed demodulation method has advantages in improving the anti-noise and frequency offset ability and reducing the bit error rate.
- aircraft communication addressing and reporting system /
- noise /
- frequency offset /
- software radio /
- window demodulation of zero-crossing slope

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图 1 MSK相干解调流程框图

Figure 1. Block diagram of coherent MSK demodulation

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图 2 MSK差分解调流程框图

Figure 2. Block diagram of differential MSK demodulation

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图 3 MSK信号的过零点检测

Figure 3. Zero crossing detection for MSK signals

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图 4 ACARS下行信号接收流程框图

Figure 4. Block diagram of ACARS downstream signal reception

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图 5 截断信号填充

Figure 5. Truncated signal padding

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图 6 信号滤波处理

Figure 6. Signal filtering processing

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图 7 信号预处理

Figure 7. Signal preprocessing

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图 8 过零点斜率加窗解调流程框图

Figure 8. Block diagram of window demodulation of zero-crossing slope

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图 9 MSK调制信号

Figure 9. MSK modulation signal

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图 10 MSK信号解调仿真

Figure 10. Simulation of MSK signal demodulation

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图 11 不同窗口大小时MSK调制误码率对比

Figure 11. Comparison of bit error rates of MSK modulation at different window sizes

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图 12 不同解调方法时MSK调制误码率对比

Figure 12. Comparison of different demodulation methods

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图 13 ACARS信号接收平台

Figure 13. ACARS signal receiving platform

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图 14 解码报文内容

Figure 14. Decoded message content

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表 2 解调方法对比分析（无频偏，不同窗口长度，本文方法）

Table 2. Comparison of different demodulation methods (without frequency offset，different window lengths, the proposed method)

信噪比/dB	误码率
信噪比/dB	窗口长度为2	窗口长度为4	窗口长度为6	窗口长度为8	窗口长度为10	窗口长度为12
0	7.553×10⁻²	7.523×10⁻²	7.522×10⁻²	7.469×10⁻²	7.447×10⁻²	7.347×10⁻²
1	5.283×10⁻²	5.198×10⁻²	5.139×10⁻²	5.114×10⁻²	5.168×10⁻²	5.126×10⁻²
2	3.614×10⁻²	3.537×10⁻²	3.578×10⁻²	3.438×10⁻²	3.361×10⁻²	3.267×10⁻²
3	2.761×10⁻²	2.669×10⁻²	2.534×10⁻²	2.464×10⁻²	2.074×10⁻²	2.026×10⁻²
4	1.532×10⁻²	1.403×10⁻²	1.400×10⁻²	1.296×10⁻²	1.209×10⁻²	1.190×10⁻²
5	5.849×10⁻³	5.499×10⁻³	5.445×10⁻³	5.263×10⁻³	5.136×10⁻³	4.715×10⁻³
6	2.536×10⁻³	2.456×10⁻³	2.486×10⁻³	2.400×10⁻³	2.290×10⁻³	2.071×10⁻³
7	7.919×10⁻⁴	7.851×10⁻⁴	7.818×10⁻⁴	7.763×10⁻⁴	6.167×10⁻⁴	6.258×10⁻⁴
8	2.846×10⁻⁴	2.001×10⁻⁴	1.984×10⁻⁴	1.925×10⁻⁴	1.443×10⁻⁴	1.467×10⁻⁴
9	4.224×10⁻⁵	3.654×10⁻⁵	3.090×10⁻⁵	3.365×10⁻⁵	3.377×10⁻⁵	3.051×10⁻⁵
10	4.375×10⁻⁶	3.992×10⁻⁶	3.897×10⁻⁶	3.878×10⁻⁶	3.519×10⁻⁶	3.433×10⁻⁶

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表 3 解调方法对比（有频偏，不同解调方法，信噪比为10 dB）

Table 3. Comparison of different demodulation methods (with frequency offset, different demodulation methods, SNR=10 dB)

频偏/%	误码率
频偏/%	相干解调	过零点检测	差分解调	过零点斜率加窗解调（窗口长度为8）
2	2.412×10⁻³	3.858×10⁻¹	1.121×10⁻³	2.879×10⁻⁵
4	7.486×10⁻³	3.972×10⁻¹	2.371×10⁻³	6.565×10⁻⁴
6	9.860×10⁻²	4.162×10⁻¹	3.108×10⁻³	9.019×10⁻⁴
8	1.261×10⁻¹	4.341×10⁻¹	3.630×10⁻³	1.246×10⁻³
10	1.987×10⁻¹	4.241×10⁻¹	1.267×10⁻²	3.882×10⁻³

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表 1 解调方法对比分析（无频偏，不同解调方法）

Table 1. Comparison of different demodulation methods(without frequency offset, different demodulation methods)

信噪比/dB	误码率
信噪比/dB	相干解调	过零点检测	差分解调	过零点斜率加窗解调（窗口长度为8）
0	7.865×10⁻²	3.909×10⁻¹	2.568×10⁻¹	7.469×10⁻²
1	5.628×10⁻²	3.890×10⁻¹	2.113×10⁻¹	5.114×10⁻²
2	3.751×10⁻²	3.788×10⁻¹	1.682×10⁻¹	3.438×10⁻²
3	2.288×10⁻²	3.738×10⁻¹	1.313×10⁻¹	2.464×10⁻²
4	1.250×10⁻²	3.737×10⁻¹	9.439×10⁻²	1.296×10⁻²
5	5.954×10⁻³	3.613×10⁻¹	6.321×10⁻²	5.263×10⁻³
6	2.388×10⁻³	3.522×10⁻¹	3.941×10⁻²	2.400×10⁻³
7	7.727×10⁻⁴	3.450×10⁻¹	2.056×10⁻²	7.763×10⁻⁴
8	1.909×10⁻⁴	3.309×10⁻¹	8.881×10⁻³	1.925×10⁻⁴
9	3.362×10⁻⁵	3.177×10⁻¹	2.291×10⁻³	3.365×10⁻⁵
10	3.875×10⁻⁶	2.983×10⁻¹	3.076×10⁻⁴	3.878×10⁻⁶

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表 4 解调方法对比（有频偏，不同窗口长度，信噪比为10 dB，本文方法）

Table 4. Comparison of different demodulation methods (with frequency offset, different window lengths, SNR=10 dB, the proposed method)

频偏/%	误码率
频偏/%	窗口长度为2	窗口长度为4	窗口长度为6	窗口长度为8	窗口长度为10	窗口长度为12
2	3.968×10⁻⁵	2.987×10⁻⁵	2.622×10⁻⁵	2.879×10⁻⁵	3.514×10⁻⁵	6.873×10⁻⁵
4	8.639×10⁻⁴	6.577×10⁻⁴	6.726×10⁻⁴	6.565×10⁻⁴	8.126×10⁻⁴	2.840×10⁻³
6	1.293×10⁻³	9.524×10⁻⁴	9.261×10⁻⁴	9.019×10⁻⁴	1.812×10⁻³	3.547×10⁻³
8	2.374×10⁻³	1.846×10⁻³	1.973×10⁻³	1.246×10⁻³	2.565×10⁻³	6.918×10⁻³
10	6.684×10⁻³	5.556×10⁻³	6.277×10⁻³	3.882×10⁻³	7.091×10⁻³	2.349×10⁻²

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表 5 USRP数据和仿真数据对比 (仿真数据，信噪比为0）

Table 5. Comparison of USRP data and simulation data (simulation data, SNR=0)

数据	误码率
数据	相干解调	过零点检测	差分解调	过零点斜率加窗解调
报文数据1	7.765×10⁻²	3.910×10⁻¹	2.495×10⁻¹	7.469×10⁻²
报文数据2	7.869×10⁻²	3.309×10⁻¹	2.367×10⁻¹	7.625×10⁻²
随机数据1	7.523×10⁻²	3.482×10⁻¹	2.918×10⁻¹	7.664×10⁻²
随机数据2	7.619×10⁻²	3.774×10⁻¹	2.128×10⁻¹	7.615×10⁻²

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表 6 USRP数据和仿真数据对比 (USRP接收数据，信噪比为0）

Table 6. Comparison of USRP data and simulation data (data received by USRP, SNR=0)

数据	误码率
数据	相干解调	过零点检测	差分解调	过零点斜率加窗解调
报文数据1	9.971×10⁻²	4.371×10⁻¹	3.269×10⁻¹	8.519×10⁻²
报文数据2	1.001×10⁻¹	3.917×10⁻¹	2.901×10⁻¹	8.610×10⁻²
随机数据1	9.864×10⁻²	3.934×10⁻¹	3.117×10⁻¹	8.636×10⁻²
随机数据2	9.876×10⁻²	4.143×10⁻¹	2.965×10⁻¹	8.770×10⁻²

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表 7 实测接收报文结果与PlanePlotter软件处理结果对比

Table 7. Comparison of measured received message results and PlanPlotter software processing results %

数据	成功率
数据	PlanePlotter软件	相干解调	过零点检测	差分解调	过零点斜率加窗解调
操场数据1	89.655	56.896	56.896	56.896	93.103
操场数据2	88.524	63.946	63.946	63.946	93.442
天台数据1	87.097	66.129	66.129	66.129	90.323
天台数据2	86.667	63.333	63.333	63.333	90.000

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