星基ADS-B系统及关键技术发展综述

张学军; 谭元晧; 李雪缘; 简鑫慧

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2022.0309

星基ADS-B系统及关键技术发展综述

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2022.0309

北京航空航天大学电子信息工程学院, 北京 100083

详细信息

通讯作者:
张学军, E-mail: zhxj@buaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: V19
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-05-01
- 录用日期: 2022-06-09
- 网络出版日期: 2022-07-04

A review of development of space-based ADS-B system and its key technologies

School of Electronic Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China

More Information

Corresponding author: ZHANG Xuejun, E-mail: zhxj@buaa.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
广播式自动相关监视(ADS-B)系统是国际民航组织在空管全球化的背景下提出的新一代监视技术。相较陆基系统，星基ADS-B系统能够实现全球空域覆盖，可增强现有空管系统能力，促进国家低空空域开放与通航产业发展。概述了星基ADS-B的由来、概念及运行原理；介绍了星基ADS-B系统国内外发展概况与发展历程；针对微弱信号解调、多波束接收、解交织、防欺骗、星座设计、路由转发算法及监视性能评估等星基ADS-B关键技术梳理了国内外相关研究现状，介绍了北京航空航天大学联合团队在星基ADS-B上的研究工作与发射试验星情况；结合未来星基空管技术发展与应用需求对星基ADS-B系统发展趋势进行总结与展望。
- 星基广播式自动相关监视(ADS-B) /
- 微弱信号解调 /
- 多波束接收 /
- 解交织 /
- 防欺骗 /
- 星座设计 /
- 路由算法 /
- 监视性能评估
Abstract:
In the context of the globalization of air traffic control, the ICAO has proposed a new generation of surveillance technology called the automatic dependent broadcast surveillance (ADS-B) system. Compared with land-based systems, the space-based ADS-B system can achieve global airspace coverage, which can enhance the capabilities of the existing air traffic control system and promote the opening of national low-altitude airspace as well as the development of the general aviation industry. Firstly, the origin, concept, and operation principle of space-based ADS-B are introduced. Secondly, a brief overview and history of the domestic and international space-based ADS-B systems are provided. Then, the research status on the space-based ADS-B key technologies are sorted out by both domestic and international scholars, including weak signal demodulation, multi-beam reception, de-interleaving, anti-spoofing, and constellation design, routing algorithm, and surveillance performance evaluation. The research work and Beihang space-based ADS-B technology verification satellite of the Beihang University, is introduced. Finally, the development trend and outlooks of the space-based ADS-B system are summarized by combining the future development of space-based air traffic control technology and application needs.
- space-based automatic dependent broadcast surveillance (ADS-B) /
- weak signal demodulation /
- multi-beam reception /
- de-interleaving /
- anti-spoofing /
- constellation design /
- routing algorithm /
- surveillance performance evaluation

HTML全文

图 1 星基ADS-B系统总体架构

Figure 1. Overall architecture of space-based ADS-B system

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图 2 星基ADS-B系统运行原理

Figure 2. Space-based ADS-B system operation principle

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图 3 Proba-V观测到的飞机航迹^[10]

Figure 3. Aircraft tracks observed by Proba-V^[10]

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图 4 GOMX-3采集的全球ADS-B数据^[14]

Figure 4. Global ADS-B data collected by GOMX-3^[14]

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图 5 CanX-7在轨采集数据分布^[18]

Figure 5. Distribution of CanX-7 in-orbit acquisition data^[18]

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图 6 GlobalStar ADS-B(ALAS)飞行测试^[19]

Figure 6. GlobalStar ADS-B (ALAS) flight test^[19]

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图 7 Spire的AIS与ADS-B数据^[23]

Figure 7. Spire dataset of AIS and ADS-B^[23]

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图 8 铱星二代卫星星座轨道示意图^[25]

Figure 8. Iridium-Next satellites orbit diagram^[25]

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图 9 “铱星二代”星基ADS-B系统获取的全球空中交通数据^[29]

Figure 9. Air traffic data captured globally by Iridium-Next space-based ADS-B system^[29]

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图 10 “天拓三号”ADS-B数据获得的2018年5月全球飞机静态分布图^[34]

Figure 10. Static distribution of global aircraft obtained from TianTuo-3 ADS-B dataset in May 2018^[34]

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图 11 STU-2一个月获取的飞机数据^[37]

Figure 11. STU-2 captured aircraft data over one month^[37]

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图 12 北航星基ADS-B技术验证星

Figure 12. Beihang space-based ADS-B technology verification satellite

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图 13 北航星基ADS-B系统技术验证星获取的全球航空器分布

Figure 13. Global aircraft distribution obtained by Beihang space-based ADS-B technology verification satellite

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表 1 Aireon星基ADS-B系统设计监视性能指标

Table 1. Surveillance performance metrics for Aireon's space-based ADS-B system

监视性能指标	取值
数据链	1090ES
监视数据格式	ASTERIX CAT021, CAT023, CAT025
监视范围	≥99%(全球)
可用性	≥99.9%
传输延迟	≤1.5 s
报文更新间隔	≤8 s(95%概率)

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表 2 铱星二代星基ADS-B系统测试指标

Table 2. Iridium-Next space-based ADS-B system test metrics

技术指标	测试场景	取值
报文更新间隔	冰岛凯夫拉维克国际机场	≤8 s(99%)
报文更新间隔	冰岛、加拿大实测	≤2 s(绝大部分)
传输延迟	星到地面实测	226 ms(均值) 312 ms(95%) 345 ms(99%)
传输延迟	加拿大实测	≤50 ms(95%)
数据更新频率	北大西洋Gander FIR	2.87 s(95%)
	北大西洋Shanwick FIR	3.36 s(95%)
	Nav Canada非繁忙空域	< 2.8 s(95%)

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