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摘要:
从几何构型和理论模型2个角度探究全球导航卫星系统干涉/多径反射测量(GNSS-I/MR)技术提取河流边界和测量河流水位的可行性。基于河流/河岸介电常数的差异性和河岸相对于河流存在斜度的事实，定义对河流边界敏感的反-直比和实验变化率2个观测量。在希尔伯特变换估计的载噪比包络和相位的基础上，提出基于一元二次方程求解反-直比和线性拟合实验变化率的估计方法，以及3-阈值最大类间方差识别河流/河岸和循环拟合提取河流边界的方法。基于河流表面的实验变化率测量河流水位，通过搭建仿真平台和设计2种河流场景，仿真验证所提方法的有效性。仿真结果表明：在设定参数下，利用介电常数检测场景1和场景2河流边界的均方根误差分别为1.47 m和1.13 m；实验变化率检测场景1和场景2河流边界的均方根误差分别为0.49 m和0.35 m；场景1和场景2的测量高度和真实值的误差分别为0.09 m和0.13 m。
Abstract:This paper explored the feasibility of extracting the river boundary and measuring the river level using global navigation satellite system-interferometric/multipath reflectometry (GNSS-I/MR) from its geometry and theoretical models. Based on the difference in the dielectric constant between the bank and river and the fact that the bank has a slope relative to the river, two observational variables sensitive to river boundary, namely the reflected-to-direct ratio and the delay rate were defined. According to the estimated envelope and phase of carrier-to-noise ratio using Hilbert transform, this paper proposed the estimation method of the reflected-to-direct ratio based on a univariate quadratic equation and that of the delay rate based on linear fitting, as well as a 3-threshold maximum interclass variance-based algorithm to recognize river/bank and a looped fitting-based algorithm to extract the river boundary. The river level was measured based on the delay rate of the river surface. By setting up a simulation platform and designing two river scenarios, the effectiveness of the proposed method was verified through simulation.
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Key words:
- GNSS-IR /
- river boundary /
- river level /
- Hilbert transform /
- maximum interclass variance /
- looped fitting
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图 2 天线距镜面反射点垂直高度、实验变化率与卫星高度角的关系
Figure 2. Relationship among vertical height from antenna to mirror reflection point, delay rate, and satellite elevation angle
图 3 淡水和土壤表面反射系数幅度随卫星高度角的变化
Figure 3. Variation of reflection coefficient amplitude of freshwater and soil with satellite elevation angle
图 4 淡水和土壤表面的GNSS-IR的载噪比
Figure 4. Carrier-to-noise ratio of GNSS-IR from freshwater and soil surfaces
图 6 原始载噪比序列和拟合的缓变趋势项
Figure 6. Original carrier-to-noise ratio sequence and fitted slow trend term
图 7 归一化振荡、希尔伯特变换估计的振荡包络和相位
Figure 7. Normalized oscillation and estimated oscillation envelope and phase using Hilbert transform
图 8 不同采用点数的线性拟合和LS谱估计的实验变化率
Figure 8. Delay rate using linear fitting and LS spectrum with different sampling number
图 9 高度角-方位角域和空间域的映射示意图
Figure 9. Schematic diagram of mapping from elevation angle-azimuth domain to space domain
图 13 场景1中反演的介电常数分布
Figure 13. Distribution of retrieved dielectric constant for scenario 1
图 14 镜面反射点介电常数随高角度变化
Figure 14. Dielectric constant of specular reflection point versus elevation angle
图 15 利用介电常数和实验变化率检测的仿真场景1和场景2的河流边界
Figure 15. Detected river boundaries in simulation scenarios 1 and 2 using dielectric constant and delay rate
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