Research progress on key materials of phosphoric acid doped high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells
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摘要:
高温质子交换膜燃料电池(HT-PEMFC)由于较高的工作温度(130~220℃)，具有较快的电极反应动力学、较强的抗燃料/空气中杂质毒化能力、广泛的燃料来源(甲醇重整气、工业副产氢等)及简单的水/热管理系统等优点。因此，HT-PEMFC将成为聚合物膜燃料电池的重要前沿发展方向之一。重点介绍了北京航空航天大学团队近十年来在HT-PEMFC关键材料-高温膜、催化层和膜电极等方面的研究进展，针对磷酸(PA)掺杂型高温膜的质子传导率和机械性能之间的最佳平衡点、催化层中PA分布和迁移对电池性能的影响机制，以及大尺寸膜电极一致性对电堆性能影响与衰减机制等科学问题，从聚电解质膜材料的分子设计、有序催化层结构调控和大尺寸膜电极电堆优化等工作进行了梳理，对HT-PEMFC技术所面临的技术挑战问题与未来发展趋势做出了评述和展望。
Abstract:High-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFC) has fast electrode reaction kinetics, strong resistance to fuel/air impurity poisoning, a wide range of fuel sources (pure hydrogen, methanol-reforming gas, formic acid, etc.), and simple water/thermal management systems due to their high operating temperature (130℃-200℃). They have become one of the important development directions of polymer membrane fuel cells. This paper mainly introduces the research progress of Beihang University in HT-PEMFC key materials-high-temperature membrane, catalytic layer, and membrane electrode assemblies in recent ten years. Aiming at the best balance between proton conductivity and mechanical properties of phosphoric acid (PA) doped high-temperature membrane, the influence mechanism of PA distribution and migration in the catalytic layer on cell performance, and the influence and attenuation mechanism of large-size membrane electrode consistency on stack performance. The molecular design of polyelectrolyte membrane materials, the regulation of ordered catalytic layer structure, and the optimization of large-size membrane electrode stack were reviewed, and the technical challenges faced by HT-PEMFC technology as well as the future development trend are reviewed and prospected.
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图 1 北航相艳教授团队在高温膜、催化层和膜电极与电堆的研究发展历程
Figure 1. Research and development history of Professor Xiang Yan's team of Beihang University in high-temperature membrane, catalytic layer, membrane electrode and stack
图 2 3代不同HT-PEM的设计理念与研究进展
Figure 2. Design concepts and research progress of three generations of different HT-PEM
图 3 PES-PVP膜的Tg和质子传导率及PVP基膜和PBI膜的性能对比
Figure 3. Tg and proton conductivity of PES-PVP membrane and performance comparison between PVP-based membrane and PBI membrane
图 4 以SiO2为模板制备的PES-PVP多孔膜及g-C3N4掺杂PES-PVP复合膜的质子电导率和燃料电池性能
Figure 4. Proton conductivity and fuel cell performance of PES-PVP porous membrane prepared with SiO2 as template and PES-PVP composite membrane doped with g-C3N4
图 5 微相分离结构质子交换膜的设计与性能示意图
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of design and performance of PEM with microphase separation structure
图 6 P-g-V-3.82/PA膜、PPT/PA膜及OPBI/PA膜的微相分离结构及性能对比
Figure 6. Comparison of microphase separation structure and performance of P-g-V-3.82/PA membrane, PPT/PA membrane and OPBI/PA membrane
图 8 改善催化层裂纹对膜电极性能的影响
Figure 8. Effect of improving catalytic layer cracks on membrane electrode performance
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