Research on response time of cockpit toggle switch under influence of multiple factors
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摘要:
针对飞行员操纵驾驶舱拨动开关的反应时问题，通过搭建飞行模拟实验舱，采集飞行员操纵驾驶舱拨动开关的反应时数据，应用多因素方差分析方法，研究在多因素影响下，影响飞行员反应时的因素。结果表明：驾驶舱拨动开关位于飞行员正前方左侧水平斜向下45°的面板，反应时最短；规定正确的操作开关方向为向前为正，相比方向为向后为正，飞行员的操纵反应时更短；高负荷因素下，飞行员反应时更长；有灯光引导条件下可以降低飞行员的反应时；面板位置、负荷处理、灯光引导3种因素主体之间的交互作用对飞行员操纵驾驶舱拨动开关的反应时的影响显著。通过实验研究与数据处理分析，结果客观真实，有助于提升飞行员的飞行安全水平，也为操纵器件设计问题提供了基础实验研究和建议。
Abstract:With the goal of observing how a pilot’s response changes when he or she manipulates the toggle switch in the cockpit, an experimental flight simulation cabin will be built, response time data will be gathered from the pilots when they manipulate the toggle switch, and the multi-factor variance analysis method will be used to examine the impact of various factors on the pilots’ responses. The findings indicate that: the pilot’s response time is the shortest when the correct operation switch direction is forward as positive, as opposed to backward as positive. The cockpit toggle switch is situated on the left panel in front of the pilot, with a 45° downward horizontal slope. The pilot’s response time is influenced by the interaction of three main factors: panel position, load processing, and light guidance. The pilot’s response time is shorter when the control is applied, longer when there are high load factors, and reduced when there is light guidance. The objective and true results are beneficial in raising the pilot’s degree of flight safety through experimental research and data processing analysis. They also offer fundamental experimental research and recommendations for control device design.
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Key words:
- ergonomics /
- cockpit /
- toggle switch /
- response time /
- influencing factors
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图 5 各因素与操纵反应时的关系
Figure 5. Relationship between each factor and manipulation response time
图 6 各面板位置与C面板位置操纵反应时对比
Figure 6. Comparison of manipulation response time of each panel position and C panel position
表 1 误差方差等同性的 Levene 检验（反应时）
Table 1. Levene’s test for equivalence of error variances (response time)
莱文统计 自由度1 自由度2 显著性 0.968 79 2320 0.561 
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表 2 主体间效应检验
Table 2. Tests for between-subject effects
因素 自由度 均方 F 显著性 方向规定 1 485385494.370 292.366 0 面板位置 9 4817054.291 2.901 0.002 负荷处理 1 28976015.284 17.453 0 灯光引导 1 12937338.200 7.793 0.005 方向规定*面板位置 9 1674193.558 1.008 0.431 方向规定*负荷处理 1 14061469.594 8.470 0.004 方向规定*灯光引导 1 6246582.700 3.763 0.053 面板位置*负荷处理 9 2668982.312 1.608 0.107 面板位置*灯光引导 9 2862027.499 1.724 0.078 负荷处理*灯光引导 1 1782531.520 1.074 0.300 方向规定*面板位置*负荷处理 9 2608924.222 1.571 0.118 方向规定*面板位置*灯光引导 9 1639110.614 0.987 0.448 方向规定*负荷处理*灯光引导 1 614560.010 0.370 0.543 面板位置*负荷处理*灯光引导 9 3590089.864 2.162 0.022 方向规定*面板位置*负荷处理*灯光引导 9 3007857.765 1.812 0.061 注：“*”表示因素交互作用。
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表 3 面板位置方差分析
Table 3. Analysis of variance of panel position
面板位置 反应时/ms A(n=240) 4245.52 ±841.53B(n=240) 4261.29 ±834.07C(n=240) 4059.82 ±849.86D(n=240) 4306.25 ±834.09E(n=240) 4217.51 ±825.67F(n=240) 4457.07 ±2607.46 G(n=240) 4423.70 ±2572.93 H(n=240) 4225.10 ±821.31I(n=240) 4282.40 ±859.70J(n=240) 4556.66 ±872.23注： F值为2.522，显著性值为0.007。反应时数据为平均值±标准值。
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表 4 线性回归分析结果
Table 4. Linear regression analysis results
变量 非标准化系数 t p VIF F 常数 4048.612 30.226 0 F(3, 2396 )=9.787,
显著性值为0面板位置 26.463 2.702 0.007 1 负荷处理 219.758 3.905 0 1 灯光引导 −146.841 −2.610 0.009 1 注：D-W值为1.679。
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