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摘要:
机翼滑流区面积计算是进行倾转旋翼飞行器旋翼与机翼气动干扰分析的关键，针对倾转旋翼飞行器机翼滑流区面积计算，基于CATIA二次开发和参数化设计技术，结合气动计算和三维几何图形运算，提出一种可视化计算方法，其能够在考虑机翼和旋翼参数影响的情况下，准确计算机翼滑流区面积，并且能够直观地确定机翼滑流区区域及机翼滑流区随各项参数的动态变化过程。通过基于XV-15倾转旋翼飞行器参数进行实例计算和分析，结果表明：机翼安装角、后掠角、上反角等机翼参数在纵向和侧向分析时对机翼滑流区面积影响较小；旋翼后倒角、侧倒角及旋翼主轴侧倾角等旋翼参数对机翼滑流区面积影响较大；在不考虑旋翼后倒角和侧倒角的情况下，采用所提方法对XV-15倾转旋翼飞行器机翼滑流区面积进行计算，计算精度最大可提升18.976%。
Abstract:The calculation of the wing slipstream zone area is the key to analyzing aerodynamic interference between rotor and wing on the tiltrotor aircraft. A visual calculation method was proposed for calculating the wing slipstream zone area on the tiltrotor aircraft through aerodynamic and three-dimensional geometric calculations based on CATIA secondary development and parametric design technology. By the proposed method, the wing slipstream zone area could be accurately calculated, and the wing slipstream zone and its dynamic change with various parameters could be directly determined by considering the effects of wing and rotor parameters. According to the results of case calculation and analysis as per the parameters of XV-15 tiltrotor aircraft, the wing parameters including incidence angle, sweep angle, and dihedral angle only have little influence on the wing slipstream zone in both longitudinal and lateral analysis. However, the rotor parameters including the back and side angles of the rotor and the angle of outboard tilt of mast axis have a large influence on the wing slipstream zone area. Therefore, the calculation accuracy can be increased by 18.976% at most through the proposed method of the wing slipstream zone area on the XV-15 tiltrotor aircraft without considering the back and side angles of the rotor.
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图 3 计算体轴系、风轴系及桨轴系
Figure 3. Body axis system for calculation, wind axis system, and mast axis system
图 12 纵向分析时机翼安装角对机翼滑流区面积的影响
Figure 12. Influence of incidence angle on wing slipstream zone area in longitudinal analysis
图 13 纵向分析时机翼上反角对机翼滑流区面积的影响
Figure 13. Influence of dihedral angle on wing slipstream zone area in longitudinal analysis
图 14 纵向分析时机翼后掠角对机翼滑流区面积的影响
Figure 14. Influence of sweep angle on wing slipstream zone area in longitudinal analysis
图 15 纵向分析时旋翼后倒角对机翼滑流区面积的影响
Figure 15. Influence of back angle of rotor on wing slipstream zone area in longitudinal analysis
图 16 纵向分析时旋翼侧倾角对机翼滑流区面积的影响
Figure 16. Influence of angle of outboard tilt of mast axis on wing slipstream zone area in longitudinal analysis
图 17 纵向分析时实际机翼与简化矩形翼的机翼滑流区面积
Figure 17. Wing slipstream zone area of actual wing and simplified rectangular wing in longitudinal analysis
图 18 侧向分析时机翼安装角对机翼滑流区面积的影响
Figure 18. Influence of incidence angle on wing slipstream zone area in lateral analysis
图 19 侧向分析时机翼上反角对机翼滑流区面积的影响
Figure 19. Influence of dihedral angle on wing slipstream zone area in lateral analysis
图 20 侧向分析时机翼后掠角对机翼滑流区面积的影响
Figure 20. Influence of sweep angle on wing slipstream zone area in lateral analysis
图 21 侧向分析时旋翼侧倒角对机翼滑流区面积的影响
Figure 21. Influence of side angle of rotor on wing slipstream zone area in lateral analysis
图 22 侧向分析时旋翼侧倾角对机翼滑流区面积的影响
Figure 22. Influence of angle of outboard tilt of mast axis on wing slipstream zone area in lateral analysis
图 23 侧向分析时实际机翼与简化矩形翼的机翼滑流区面积
Figure 23. Wing slipstream zone area of actual wing and simplified rectangular wing in lateral analysis
表 1 XV-15倾转旋翼飞行器相关参数
Table 1. Relevant parameters of XV-15 tiltrotor aircraft
${L_{\text{W}}}$/m $\left( {{S_{{\text{LWP}}}},{B_{{\text{LWP}}}},{W_{{\text{LWP}}}}} \right)$/m ${i_{\text{W}}}$/（°） ${i_{\text{U}}}$/（°） ${i_{\text{S}}}$/（°） ${c_{\text{W}}}$/m $\left( {{S_{{\text{LSP}}}},{B_{{\text{LSP}}}},{W_{{\text{LSP}}}}} \right)$/m ${\phi _{{\text{MK}}}}$/（°） ${l_{\text{M}}}$/m $\varOmega $/(r·min−1) $R$/m 9.81 (7.396,2.604,2.435) 0 2 −6.5 1.6 (7.620,4.902,2.540) 1 1.423 565 3.81 
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表 2 纵向分析参数设置
Table 2. Parameters setting for longitudinal analysis
${i_{\text{n}}}$/（°） ${\alpha _{\text{F}}}$/（°） ${\beta _{\text{F}}}$/（°） 60 13.6 0
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表 3 侧向分析参数设置
Table 3. Parameter setting for lateral analysis
${i_{\mathrm{n}}}$/（°） ${\alpha _{\mathrm{F}}}$/（°） ${\beta _{\mathrm{F}}}$/（°） 90 0 90
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