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摘要:
由于采用多个螺旋桨动力，旋转颤振成为分布式电推进飞机面临的重要气动弹性问题之一。基于机翼/短舱/桨耦合系统的运动关系及力作用关系，考虑机翼对螺旋桨的下洗和侧洗效应，推导出机翼、短舱和螺旋桨耦合系统的运动方程。将多套短舱/螺旋桨动力的陀螺力矩和螺旋桨非定常气动力引入机翼结构动力学模型，建立分布式电推进螺旋桨飞机颤振模型。通过对动力系统展向位置和动力系统数量的变参分析，研究分布式电推进螺旋桨飞机关键动力布局参数对旋转颤振特性的影响规律，并评估了2种典型的分布式电动螺旋桨飞机布局的颤振特性。结果表明：动力系统位于0.8倍翼展附近时，旋转颤振速度明显提高，而其他安装位置的参数不敏感。从翼根向翼梢逐渐增加动力数量的过程中，当动力个数少于5时，机翼的颤振速度对动力个数参数不敏感，而当动力个数增加至6时，机翼的经典颤振速度和旋转颤振速度均显著提高。在总刚度、总质惯量、总滑流效应和总功率等总体设计指标相当的前提下，动力系统相同分布式方案更佳，更有利于提高经典颤振速度和旋转颤振速度。
Abstract:Whirl flutter has become one of the essential aeroelastic problems faced by distributed electric propeller aircraft due to multiple propeller motors. Based on the motion and force relationship of the wing/nacelle/propeller coupling system, the downwash and sidewash effects of the wing on the propeller were considered, and the motion equation of the wing, nacelle, and propeller coupling system was derived. The gyroscopic moment of multiple sets of nacelle/propeller power and the unsteady propeller aerodynamic force were introduced into the wing structure dynamics model, and the flutter model of the distributed electric propeller aircraft was established. The influence of the critical dynamic layout parameters of the distributed electric propeller aircraft on the whirl flutter characteristics was studied through the variable parameter analysis of the spanwise position of the motor system and the number of motor systems. The flutter characteristics of two typical distributed electric propeller aircraft layouts were evaluated. The results show that when the motor system is located near 0.8 times the wingspan, the whirl flutter velocity is significantly improved, while other installation position parameters are insensitive. In the process of gradually increasing the motor quantity from the wing root to the wingtip, when the motor quantity is less than 5, the flutter speed of the wing is insensitive to the motor quantity parameter; when the motor quantity increases to 6, both the classical flutter velocity and the whirl flutter velocity of the wing are significantly improved. Under the premise that the overall design indicators such as total stiffness, total mass inertia, total slip flow effect, and total power are equivalent, the distributed scheme of the same motor system is better, which is beneficial to improving the classical flutter velocity and whirl flutter velocity.
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图 3 2种不同分布式构型的固有特性
Figure 3. Natural characteristics of two different distributed configurations
图 5 动力系统位置对经典/旋转颤振特性的影响
Figure 5. Influence of motor system position on classical/whirl flutter characteristics
图 6 不同动力系统在动力系统展向站位0.775和0.925处穿越模态的阻尼曲线
Figure 6. Damping curves of different motor systems crossing modes at 0.775 and 0.925 along spanwise position of motor system
图 7 动力系统数量对机翼颤振特性的影响
Figure 7. Influence of electrodynamic system quantity on wing flutter characteristics
图 8 不同动力构型颤振穿越模态的频率曲线
Figure 8. Frequency curves of flutter crossing modes in different dynamic configurations
表 1 动力系统参数
Table 1. Motor system parameters
动力系统 桨盘
半径/m桨毂中心
距机翼前缘
距离/m桨叶
个数质量/kg 转动惯量/
(kg·m2)功率/
kW涡桨动力 2.21 2.64 6 260.09 99.49 3780 电动力1 0.84 0.82 6 37.14 2.05 540 电动力2 0.61 0.65 6 20 0.59 290 电动力3 1.62 1.01 6 140.03 28.84 2040 
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表 2 不同动力构型的颤振速度
Table 2. Flutter velocity of different dynamic configurations
构型 经典颤振速度/（m·s−1） 旋转颤振速度/（m·s−1） 涡桨构型 320 219 分布式构型1 375 396 分布式构型2 188 198
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