Design of rectangular cross-section spring anti-reverse device for a certain type of aviation
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摘要:
传统的防逆转装置存在体积与质量大的缺点，不适用于对质量指标极度敏感的航空类产品。为此，提出一种小巧轻便的新型矩形截面弹簧逆止器设计方法，通过对逆止器中矩形截面弹簧进行力学分析，明确矩形截面弹簧的受力与变形关系，分析矩形截面弹簧尺寸、配合套筒过盈量与逆止性能的变化特性。推导矩形截面弹簧逆止器逆止有效条件，并引入遗传算法进行求解；根据求得的结构参数，运用CATIA软件建立矩形截面弹簧逆止器结构模型，并导入HyperWorks软件进行校核分析。结合样件试制及测试，结果表明：所提方法与传统摩擦盘式方法相比同负载条件下质量可降低约61%，仿真与实验对照验证所提方法的有效性。
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关键词:
- 矩形截面弹簧 /
- 逆止器 /
- 遗传算法 /
- 有限元分析 /
- HyperWorks
Abstract:Due to its bulk and weight, the conventional anti-reverse mechanism is not appropriate for use in aircraft items that are very responsive to weight indicators. In this paper, a design method for the small and lightweight rectangular cross-section spring anti-reverse device is proposed. Through the mechanical analysis of the rectangular cross-section spring in the anti-reverse device, the relationship between the force and deformation of the rectangular cross-section spring is deduced. The anti-reverse performance with the size of the rectangular cross-section spring and the interference with the matching sleeve is studied. Genetic algorithms are used to determine and resolve the effective working conditions of the spring anti-reverse device with a rectangular cross-section. The structural model of the rectangular cross-section spring anti-reverse rotation device is established by CATIA software, which is imported into HyperWorks software for verification analysis. By the manufacture and measurement results of the designed prototype, it is shown that the weight of the rectangular section spring anti-reverse device designed based on this study can be reduced by 60% compared with the traditional friction disc type under the same load condition. The correctness and reliability of the design method are verified by comparing the simulation results with the experimental data.
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图 2 矩形截面弹簧受力分析示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of force analysis of rectangular cross-section spring
图 3 矩形截面弹簧逆止工作变形示意图
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of working deformation of rectangular cross-section spring
图 4 矩形截面弹簧过渡段示意图
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of transition section of rectangular cross-section spring
图 5 矩形截面弹簧受力示意图
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of force with rectangular cross-section spring
图 6 矩形截面扭转弹簧圈数与过盈量、半径关系
Figure 6. Relationship between the number of coils and the amount of interference and radius with rectangular cross-section spring
图 7 矩形截面弹簧逆止所需圈数与摩擦系数关系
Figure 7. Relationship between the numbers of turns required by rectangular cross-section spring and the coefficient of friction
图 8 遗传算法求解矩形截面弹簧圈数流程
Figure 8. Flow of solving number of coils of rectangular cross-section spring by genetic algorithm
图 9 遗传算法求解矩形截面弹簧圈数迭代结果
Figure 9. Iterative results of solving the number of coils of rectangular cross-section spring by genetic algorithm
图 11 逆止器有限元分析结果
Figure 11. Finite element analysis of anti-reverse rotation device results
图 12 矩形截面弹簧Von-Mises应力
Figure 12. Von-Mises stress of rectangular cross-section spring
图 14 1/2矩形截面弹簧中面展开等效Mises应力值
Figure 14. Equivalent Mises stress value of middle plane expansion of 1/2 rectangular cross-section spring
图 15 1/2矩形截面弹簧中面展开等效变形值
Figure 15. Equivalent deformation of middle plane expansion of 1/2 rectangular cross-section spring
图 16 逆止器及矩形截面弹簧样件
Figure 16. Anti-reverse rotation device and rectangular cross-section spring prototype
图 17 矩形截面弹簧逆止器实验台
Figure 17. Experiment of the rectangular cross-section spring anti-reverse device
图 18 实验样件在不同转速下的测试力矩
Figure 18. Test torque of spring prototype at different rotating speeds
表 1 矩形截面弹簧材料属性
Table 1. Material properties of rectangular section spring
材料 弹性模量/GPa 泊松比 力矩/(N·m) 50CrVA 208 0.3 6 
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表 2 不同矩形截面弹簧实验样件参数、计算和实验值
Table 2. Parameters, calculations and test values of test samples of springs with different rectangular cross-sections
样件 样件弹簧
外径/mm弹簧外径与
衬套内径实际
过盈量/mm计算力矩/
(N·m)实验测试
力矩/(N·m)理论样件 21.58 0.2 9 <12.98 1组样件1 21.45 0.11 2.9 <3.15 1组样件2 21.45 0.23 6.1 <6.93 1组样件3 21.45 0.35 9.2 <9.91 2组样件1 21.12 0.11 2.1 <2.52 2组样件2 21.12 0.23 4.3 <4.98 2组样件3 21.12 0.35 6.5 <7.25 3组样件1 21.36 0.02 0.8 <0.91 3组样件2 21.36 0.2 5.3 <5.95 3组样件3 21.36 0.4 8.8 <9.35
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表 3 不同转速下矩形截面弹簧工作状态
Table 3. Working state of rectangular section spring at different rotational speeds
样件 转速/
(r·min−1)实验测试
静态力矩/
(N·m)工作状态 样件1 200 <4 工作状态较好，偶尔出现无法逆止现象，声音平稳，拆解后弹簧状态
良好6400 <4 10500 <4 无法逆止，拆解弹簧后，观察弹簧外表面良好 样件2 200 6.93 工作状态良好，声音平稳，拆解后弹簧状态良好 6400 5.95 10500 <5 工作过程中声音刺耳，拆解弹簧后，观察外表面出现磨损 样件3 200 9.35 能够实现逆止功能，出现间断噪声 6400 7.25 10500 <5 工作过程中声音刺耳，拆解弹簧后，观察外表面磨损严重，边缘出现
毛刺
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