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摘要:
基于疲劳风险管理系统的应用正在全球航空业中迅速展开，在防疫豁免期间，收集实际运行模式下64名国际豁免航班飞行员在不同中转停留时间下的主观自评、客观测试和睡眠信息等数据。运用SPSS27.0统计学软件，利用相关性分析和重复测量方差分析的方法，深入地分析不同中转停留时间及飞行方向对国际豁免航班飞行员警觉性的影响，并用Origin软件绘制相关性系数图和半小提琴图。结果表明：停留时间为1～2 h时，国际豁免航班飞行员的警觉性水平明显较低，向东飞行的飞行员要比向西飞行的警觉性水平更低。这些发现有助于航空公司在防疫豁免运行环境中监测和分析国际豁免航班飞行员的警觉性，为加强中转航班过站保障措施提供借鉴。
Abstract:Survey based on the fatigue risk management system has been conducted at an unprecedented speed in the global aviation industry. During the quarantine exemption period, data such as subjective ratings, objective tests, and sleeping information were collected from 64 pilots of international flights exempted from quarantine under different layover lengths in actual operation mode. The SPSS27.0 software, correlation analysis, and analysis of variance of repeated measures were used to deeply analyze the influence of different layover lengths and flight directions on the alertness of pilots of international flights exempted from quarantine. Correlation coefficient diagrams and half violin plots were painted by Origin software. The results show that when the layover length is 1–2 h, the alertness level of pilots of international flights exempted from quarantine is significantly lower. The alertness level of pilots of eastward flights is lower than that of westward flights. These findings can help airlines monitor and analyze the alertness of pilots of international flights exempted from quarantine during the quarantine exemption period and provide references for strengthening the protection measures for layover flights.
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图 5 不同停留时间的PVT fastest 10% of responses
Figure 5. Fastest 10% of responses of PVT under different layover lengths
图 6 不同停留时间的PVT slowest 10% of responses
Figure 6. Slowest 10% of responses of PVT under different layover lengths
表 1 航班信息汇总
Table 1. Summary of flight informations
航班 停留时间/h 飞行员人次 飞行方向 飞行时间/h 值勤时间/h 跨越时区/h 洛杉矶−北京 1～2 6 西飞 12.81 ± 1.77 13.53 ± 1.61 −16 洛杉矶−北京 2～3 12 西飞 13.60 ± 1.55 13.82 ± 1.59 −16 洛杉矶−北京 3～4 9 西飞 13.17 ± 1.90 13.81 ± 2.19 −16 洛杉矶−北京 4～5 5 西飞 13.04 ± 1.57 14.32 ± 2.27 −16 阿姆斯特丹−北京 1～2 6 东飞 11.54 ± 0.61 11.62 ± 0.68 +7 阿姆斯特丹−北京 2～3 9 东飞 11.46 ± 0.65 12.08 ± 0.69 +7 阿姆斯特丹−北京 3～4 10 东飞 11.40 ± 0.43 11.94 ± 0.53 +7 阿姆斯特丹−北京 4～5 7 东飞 12.15 ± 0.16 13.01 ± 0.35 +7 
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表 2 KSS与SP相关性分析
Table 2. Correlation analysis of KSS and SP
指标 相关系数R 显著性p KSS SP KSS SP KSS 1.000 0.874 0.000 0.000 SP 0.874 1.000 0.000 0.000
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表 3 主观自评与客观测试指标间的相关性分析
Table 3. Correlation analysis of subjective rating and objective test indicators
指标类型 相关系数R 显著性p KSS SP KSS SP fastest 10% of responses 0.262 0.253 0.013 0.016 slowest 10% of responses 0.227 0.240 0.032 0.023 TST in 24 h −0.240 −0.326 0.023 0.002
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表 4 双因素方差分析表
Table 4. Two-factor analysis of variance
方差来源 平方和 自由度 均方 方差 效应量 因素A $ {S_{ \mathrm{A}}} $ $ r - 1 $ $ {\overline {S} _{ \mathrm{A}}} = \dfrac{{{S_{ \mathrm{A}}}}}{{r - 1}} $ $ {F_{ \mathrm{A}}} = \dfrac{{{{\overline {S} }_{ \mathrm{A}}}}}{{{S_{ \mathrm{E}}}}} $ $ \eta _A^2 = \dfrac{{{S_{ \mathrm{A}}}}}{{{S_{ \mathrm{T}}} - {S_{ \mathrm{B}}} - {S_{{ \mathrm{A}} \times {\mathrm{B}}}}}} $ 因素B $ {S_{ \mathrm{B}}} $ $ s - 1 $ $ {\overline {S} _{ \mathrm{B}}} = \dfrac{{{S_{ \mathrm{B}}}}}{{s - 1}} $ $ {F_B} = \dfrac{{{{\overline {S} }_{ \mathrm{B}}}}}{{{S_{ \mathrm{E}}}}} $ $ \eta _B^2 = \dfrac{{{S_{ \mathrm{B}}}}}{{{S_{\mathrm{T}}} - {S_{ \mathrm{A}}} - {S_{{ \mathrm{A}} \times {\mathrm{B}}}}}} $ 交互作用A×B $ {S_{{ \mathrm{A}} \times {\mathrm{B}}}} $ $ \left( {r - 1} \right)\left( {s - 1} \right) $ $ {\overline {S} _{{ \mathrm{A}} \times {\mathrm{B}}}} = \dfrac{{{S_{{ \mathrm{A}} \times {\mathrm{B}}}}}}{{\left( {r - 1} \right)\left( {s - 1} \right)}} $ $ {F_{{ \mathrm{A}} \times {\mathrm{B}}}} = \dfrac{{{{\overline {S} }_{{ \mathrm{A}} \times {\mathrm{B}}}}}}{{{S_{ \mathrm{E}}}}} $ $ \eta _{{ \mathrm{A}} \times {\mathrm{B}}}^2 = \dfrac{{{S_{{ \mathrm{A}} \times {\mathrm{B}}}}}}{{{S_{ \mathrm{T}}} - {S_{ \mathrm{A}}} - {S_{ \mathrm{B}}}}} $ 误差 $ {S_{ \mathrm{E}}} $ $ rs\left( {t - 1} \right) $ $ {\overline {S} _{ \mathrm{E}}} = \dfrac{{{S_{ \mathrm{E}}}}}{{rs\left( {t - 1} \right)}} $ 总和 $ {S_{ \mathrm{T}}} $ $ rst - 1 $
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表 5 方差分析结果
Table 5. Results from analysis of variance
安全性能指标 F p η2 飞行方向 停留时间 飞行方向与
停留时间飞行方向 停留时间 飞行方向与
停留时间飞行方向 停留时间 飞行方向与
停留时间KSS 19.656 7.221 0.872 0.000 0.000 0.403 0.169 0.126 0.012 SP 2.640 5.794 0.714 0.015 0.001 0.545 0.067 0.092 0.008 fastest 10% of responses 11.302 2.751 0.522 0.001 0.043 0.667 0.141 0.063 0.006 slowest 10% of responses 7.602 6.798 0.487 0.006 0.003 0.692 0.118 0.109 0.005 TST in 24 h 6.224 2.524 0.679 0.013 0.045 0.613 0.105 0.062 0.007
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