Numerical simulation investigation on water surface skipping motion characteristics of sea-skimming projectile
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摘要:
水面滑跳运动是一种飞行体在近水面运动时底部反复触水并被弹起的运动过程，该运动方式可以提高远程对海打击导弹在末端近水面无动力运动时的航程和机动能力。为研究导弹的水面滑跳运动特性，通过求解非定常Navier-Stokes方程和Realizable
k-ε 湍流模型，结合重叠网格技术，采用VOF方法捕捉空气和水之间的自由液面变化，通过六自由度方程模拟刚体运动，对典型导弹外形水面滑跳运动过程进行模拟研究，给出并分析了导弹一次水面滑跳过程的运动参数和表面压力变化。结果表明：根据水面滑跳过程中导弹姿态和相对水面位置的变化特点，可将导弹水面滑跳运动过程分为入水前空中飞行段、第1次触水弹起段、近水面滑行段、第2次触水滑行段、滑跳出水飞行段5个阶段；第1次触水过程中，船尾段受到水面冲击被迅速弹离水面，同时使弹体低头，导弹整体仍向下朝水面运动；第2次触水过程中，导弹下表面大面积拍击水面，不仅产生较大的水面冲击力，且产生使弹体抬头的力矩，在向上冲击力和抬头力矩作用下，导弹被抬升滑跳出水面。船尾收缩段产生的抬头力矩及导弹前端触水处产生的冲击载荷共同作用使得导弹完成水面滑跳过程。Abstract:Water surface skipping is a kind of motion in which the bottom of the aircraft touches the water surface and bounces up repeatedly when it moves near the water surface. This motion can improve the unpowered range and maneuverability of the long-range projectile near the water surface. This paper uses the VOF method to capture the change in the water surface, the overset grid, and the equation of six degrees of freedom to simulate the rigid body motion in order to study the characteristics of projectile water surface skipping. This is done by solving the unsteady Navier-Stokes equation and the Realizable
k -ε model. According to the change of projectile attitude and relative water surface position, the water surface skipping motion process of the projectile is divided into five stages. The process of the projectile sliding on the water surface is simulated. The findings indicate that there are five stages in the process of projectile water surface sliding: the air flight prior to contact with the water, the first water contact and bounce, the near-water surface gliding, the second water contact and sliding out of the water. These stages are based on changes in the projectile’s attitude and relative position to the water surface. The first time, the stern of the projectile touches the water and quickly bounces up from the water surface by the impact of the water surface, making the projectile pitch down. In this process, the projectile still moves toward the water surface. During the second water contact, the lower surface of the projectile slaps the water surface in a large area. The projectile is not only subjected to a large impact force on the water surface but also subjected to a nose-up moment. Under the lift impact force and the nose-up moment, the projectile glides out of the water surface. The combined effect of the lift torque generated by the stern of the projectile and the impact load generated at the water contact point of the projectile enables the projectile to complete the water surface skipping process. -
图 1 导弹几何外形参数及计算条件示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of geometry parameters and calculation conditions of projectile
图 2 圆盘运动参数和计算域示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of disk motion parameters and calculation domain
图 4 计算域边界条件示意图
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of boundary conditions of calculation domain
图 6 导弹质心距水面高度和攻角随时间变化
Figure 6. Variation of centroid height above water surface and angle of attack of projectile with time
图 7 一次滑跳过程中导弹相对水面位置变化
Figure 7. Position of projectile relative to water surface during a skipping motion
图 8 导弹最低点距水面高度和垂向速度随时间变化
Figure 8. Variation of height from the lowest point of projectile to water surface and vertical velocity with time
图 9 攻角和俯仰角速度随时间变化
Figure 9. Variation of angle of attack and pitch angular velocity with time
图 10 导弹垂直和水平方向受力随时间变化
Figure 10. Variation of force on projectile in vertical and horizontal directions with time
图 11 第1次触水弹起段导弹底部压力云图
Figure 11. Pressure contour at bottom of projectile under bounce stage of the first contact with water
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