Storage and transfer method of airport pavement structure information model based on IFC standard
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摘要:
为解决机场跑道系统在全生命周期建筑信息模型(BIM)应用中的信息传递和数据交互问题，将工业基础类(IFC)标准在机场跑道系统进行扩展，建立机场道面结构的IFC实体架构，在此基础上创建面向运维应用的刚性道面板实体，并进行几何信息与属性信息的扩展；提出基于IFC的属性信息添加与传递方法，对信息传递过程中的属性信息丢失率进行分析。研究表明：通过建立IFC标准模型，可以实现机场跑道系统的信息传递和数据交互；采用基础模型族扩展法进行机场道面模型传递的属性信息丢失率高达84.21%；采用IFC解析扩展法首次传递可保证信息不丢失，但二次传递信息存在丢失问题；族模型IFC解析扩展法可实现信息首次传递不丢失，二次传递属性信息丢失率低至16.7%，并且采用不同IFC标准版本对模型传递过程中的属性信息丢失率产生较大影响。应用IFC标准进行机场领域扩展具有较高的可行性，所提的信息传递方法可实现机场道面全生命周期信息传递。研究成果可为机场飞行区新IFC实体的扩展提供支持，为机场工程数字化提供技术参考。
Abstract:To address the issues of information transfer and data sharing in the full-life-cycle building information modeling (BIM) application of the airport runway system, the industry foundation classes (IFC) standard was extended to the airport pavement structure. The IFC entity framework of the airport runway system was summarized. Besides, the rigid runway pavement entity considering the operation and maintenance stage was proposed. The graphical information and non-graphical information of the proposed entity were expanded. In addition, an analysis was conducted on the rate of attribute information loss during information model transfer, as well as the most effective way to add and transmit attribute information using the IFC standard. The study shows that the model based on the uniform IFC standard can transfer and share information about airport runway systems effectively. The information loss rate of the family parameter extension method during runway pavement model transfer is as high as 84.21%. The IFC file extension method can ensure the model information integrity during the first transfer process. However, the model information is lost during repeated transfer. A proposed method, combining both the family parameter extension and IFC file parsing, can achieve the model information integrity during the first transfer. In addition, the information loss rate is less than 16.7% during the second transfer. The information loss rate is also influenced by different versions of the IFC standard. It is necessary to extend the IFC entity in the airport domain. As a whole, the proposed information transfer method is appropriate for airport runway lifecycle information management. The research can provide support for the establishment of a new IFC entity in the airfield area, and make a technical reference for digital airport construction.
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图 2 基于IFC标准的物理结构层次关系
Figure 2. Hierarchical relationship of physical structure based on IFC standard
图 3 基于IFC标准的空间结构层次关系
Figure 3. Hierarchical relationship of spatial structure based on IFC standard
图 4 跑道模型空间结构层次关系
Figure 4. Hierarchical relationship of spatial structure of runway model
图 5 跑道模型物理实体和空间实体关系示意图
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of relationship between physical entities and spatial entities of runway model
图 6 族模型IFC解析扩展法总流程
Figure 6. General flow chart of family model IFC analytical expansion method
图 8 基于IFC标准的某西部机场道面运行状况评价管理
Figure 8. Pavement condition evaluation and maintenance of a western airport based on IFC standard
表 1 道面板新增属性集定义
Table 1. Added property set definition to pavement
属性集名称 使用的实体 类型值 说明 Pset_RunwayBlockCommon IfcRunwayBlock UserDefined 描述道面组成层特性和尺寸 Pset_PavementDiseaseCommon IfcRunwayBlock UserDefined 道面的常见病害类型和相关数据信息 Pset_PavementElementEvaluation IfcRunwayBlock UserDefined 道面评价属性(PCI、SCI、PCN等) Pset_PavementDate IfcRunwayBlock UserDefined 道面板运维监测数据信息 
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表 2 Pset_RunwayBlockCommon属性定义
Table 2. Pset_RunwayBlockCommon property definition
属性名称 数据类型 说明 PavementArea IfcAreaMeasure 道面板面积 PavementVolume IfcVolumeMeasure 道面板体积 VerticalSlope IfcPlaneAngleMeasure 纵坡坡度 RunwayLayer IfcCountMeasure 跑道层数 SufaceCourseSlope IfcPlaneAngleMeasure 面层坡度 SufaceCourseThickness IfcPositiveLengthMeasure 面层厚度 SufaceCourseMaterialType IfcMaterialSelect 面层材料 BaceCourseThickness IfcPositiveLengthMeasure 基层厚度 BaceCourseMaterialType IfcMaterialSelect 基层材料 CushronThickness IfcPositiveLengthMeasure 垫层厚度 CushronMaterialType IfcMaterialSelect 垫层材料 SubgradeThickness IfcPositiveLengthMeasure 道基厚度 SubgradeMaterialType IfcMaterialSelect 道基材料 ConstructionDate IfcDateTime 铺设时间
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表 3 Pset_PavementDiseaseCommon属性定义
Table 3. Pset_PavementDiseaseCommon property definition
属性名称 属性类型 数据类型 说明 MaterialType IfcPropertySingleValue IfcMaterialSelect 跑道类型 DamageQuantity IfcPropertyTableValue IfcCountMeasure 单元板块损坏数量 PlateNumber IfcPropertyTableValue IfcCountMeasure 单元板块总数 DamageDensity IfcPropertyTableValue IfcCountMeasure 损坏密度 DamageType IfcPropertyTableValue IfcLabel 损坏类型 DamageCoordinates IfcPropertyTableValue IfcLabel 损坏道面板坐标 1Cracks:Longitudinal,Transversa and Diagonal IfcPropertySingleValue IfcLabel 1纵向、横向和斜向裂缝 2Corner Break IfcPropertySingleValue IfcLabel 2角隅断裂 3Shattered Slab/Intersecting Cracks IfcPropertySingleValue IfcLabel 3破碎板或交叉裂缝 4Settlement or Faulting IfcPropertySingleValue IfcLabel 4沉陷或错台 5Blowup IfcPropertySingleValue IfcLabel 5胀裂 6Alkali Silica Reaction(ASR) IfcPropertySingleValue IfcLabel 6填缝料损坏 7Joint Seal Damage IfcPropertySingleValue IfcLabel 7接缝破碎 8Pumping and bottom IfcPropertySingleValue IfcLabel 8唧泥和板底脱空 9Durability(“D”) Cracking IfcPropertySingleValue IfcLabel 9耐久性裂缝 10Shrinkage Cracking IfcPropertySingleValue IfcLabel 10收缩裂缝 11Pot hole IfcPropertySingleValue IfcLabel 11坑洞 12Scaling IfcPropertySingleValue IfcLabel 12起皮、龟裂和细微裂缝 13Spalling(Corner) IfcPropertySingleValue IfcLabel 13板角剥落 14Patching, Small IfcPropertySingleValue IfcLabel 14小补丁 15Patching, Large and Utility Cuts IfcPropertySingleValue IfcLabel 15大补丁或开挖补丁 SurveyDate IfcPropertyTableValue IfcDateTime 检测采集时间 SurveyStaff IfcPropertyTableValue IfcLabel 检测采集人员
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表 4 Pset_PavementElementEvaluation属性定义
Table 4. Pset_PavementElementEvaluation property definition
属性名称 属性类型 数据类型 说明 PavementConditionIndex IfcPropertyTableValue IfcCountMeasure PCI SubgradeConditionIndex IfcPropertyTableValue IfcCountMeasure SCI PavementClassficationNumber IfcPropertyTableValue IfcCountMeasure PCN InternationalRoughnessIndex IfcPropertyTableValue IfcCountMeasure IRI
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表 5 Pset_PavementDate属性定义
Table 5. Pset_PavementDate property definition
属性名称 属性类型 数据类型 说明 TargetID IfcPropertyTableValue IfcLabel 维修板块编号ID MaintainDate IfcPropertyTableValue IfcDateTime 维修时间 MaintainStaff IfcPropertyTableValue IfcLabel 维修人员 MaintainMaterialType IfcPropertyTableValue IfcCountMeasure 维修材料 ProcessMode IfcPropertyTableValue IfcLabel 处理方式 Remarks IfcPropertyTableValue IfcPositiveLengthMeasure 备注
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表 6 不同信息传递方法属性信息丢失率比较
Table 6. Comparison of information loss rate for attributes of different information transmission methods
方法 传递次数 传递版本 η/% 已有族
(未新增属性)机场道面族
(新增属性)基础模型族
扩展法一次传递 IFC2×3 0 84.21 IFC4 0 100 二次传递 IFC2×3 0 100 IFC4 0 100 IFC解析
扩展法一次传递 IFC2×3 5 0 IFC4 100 100* 二次传递 IFC2×3 5 100* IFC4 100 100* 族模型IFC
解析扩展法一次传递 IFC2×3 0 0 IFC4 100 100* 二次传递 IFC2×3 5 16.7 IFC4 100 100* 注：“$* $”表示新增属性完全丢失而原有属性全部传递。
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