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摘要:
作为火星探测器减速着陆过程中必须的气动减速系统，火星降落伞对小质量、大承载连接构件的需求日益增长。针对该需求，提出一种新型的柔性连接技术，旨在降低柔性织物磨损和系统质量的同时提升连接构件的载荷承载能力。研究过程采用两步数值建模分析结合试验验证的方法，采用集中参数法构建柔性连接的动力学模型；将动态仿真结果参数作为有限元的边界条件，分析各连接点处的接触状态；结合试验数据对降落伞减速系统的强度进行验证，数值模拟结果与试验数据一致性良好。研究结果表明:相比于金属构件，柔性连接技术使得降落伞连接强度提升了1.73倍，质量减轻了62.8%，接触位置的应变随开伞速度的增加而变大；新型柔性连接装置能够承受火星环境的开伞载荷，可为火星降落伞的设计提供重要参考依据。
Abstract:As a necessary pneumatic deceleration system in the descent and landing process of the Mars probe, the demand for Mars parachutes for connection components with small mass and large loads is increasing. In view of this situation, this paper proposes a new type of flexible connection technology, which aims to the wear of flexible fabric and the weight of the system, and improve the load carrying load carrying capacity of the connection part. The research process adopted the method of two-step analysis combined with experimental verification. The numerical model of the flexible connection was first built using the lumped parameter approach, and the findings were then used as the finite element's boundary conditions to examine each joint's contact state. Finally, the strength of the parachute was verified by the test data, and the numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the test data. The findings demonstrate that, in comparison to metal components, the flexible connection technology parachute's strength is increased by 1.67 times, its weight is reduced by 58.3%, the strain at the contact position increases as the parachute's opening speed increases, and it can withstand the load associated with opening a parachute in a Mars-like environment. These findings could be a valuable design reference for future Mars parachutes.
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图 5 应用于降落伞的3种连接装置示意图
Figure 5. Schematic diagrams for three connection devices applied to parachutes
图 8 新型柔性连接装置中各个组件的载荷-位移曲线
Figure 8. Load-displacement curves of components in new flexible connection device
图 10 不同开伞速度条件下的软环套吸能量
Figure 10. Energy absorption value of soft link under different opening speeds
图 13 伞绳接触部位的单元最大应变
Figure 13. Maximum strain of the element at the contact of area of the parachute rope
图 14 吊带接触部位的单元最大应变
Figure 14. Maximum strain of the element at the contact of suspension line
图 19 软环套和伞绳接触部位应变
Figure 19. Strain of the contact part between soft link and suspension line
表 1 材料参数
Table 1. Material parameter
材料 密度/(kg·m−3) 弹性模量/GPa 泊松比 降落伞伞绳 340 39.0 0.3 软环套 760 1.1 0.3 金属连接件 7958 210 0.3 吊带 1160 13.0 0.3 
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表 2 试验工况
Table 2. Test conditions
工况 组合形式 加载速度/
(mm·min−1)工况1 降落伞伞绳+吊带 100 工况2 降落伞伞绳+金属连接件+吊带 100 工况3 降落伞伞绳+软环套+吊带 100
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