基于CFD/CSD耦合的高速射弹尾拍载荷特性研究

许云涛; 檀大林; 杨超

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2022.0939

基于CFD/CSD耦合的高速射弹尾拍载荷特性研究

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2022.0939

许云涛^{1, 2},
檀大林²,
杨超^1, ,

1.
北京航空航天大学航空科学与工程学院，北京 100191
2.
北京机电工程研究所，北京 100074

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail：yangchao@buaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: TJ630
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-24
- 录用日期: 2023-02-26
- 网络出版日期: 2023-04-03
- 整期出版日期: 2023-10-01

Study on tail-slap load characteristics of high-speed projectile based on CFD/CSD coupling

XU Yuntao^{1, 2},
TAN Dalin²,
YANG Chao^{1
, ,}

1.
School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering，Beihang University，Beijing 100191，China
2.
Beijing Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering，Beijing 100074，China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：yangchao@buaa.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
为提高射弹尾拍载荷的预测精度，建立了一套基于计算流体动力学（CFD）/计算结构动力学（CSD）双向耦合分析的计算方法和程序。射弹流体计算主控方程采用耦合SSTk-ω湍流模型和Schnerr-Sauer空化模型的Navier-Stokes方程，射弹结构计算采用基于模态叠加法简化的结构动力学方程，流固耦合界面插值采用径向基函数法，网格变形采用弹簧网格法。分别对泡型计算方法和流固耦合方法进行验证，在此基础上，计算对比1 000 m/s速度下射弹刚体和弹性体的尾拍泡型、结构变形和尾拍流体载荷特性差异。计算表明：弹性体尾拍过程，射弹泡型会产生弹身“二次拍击”、“局部沾湿”和沾湿面积增大等特殊现象，结构变形由弹性一弯模态主导，较大的变形引起流体载荷增大27%~105%，尾拍姿态角增大13%，尾拍频率增加20%，流固耦合效应对尾拍泡型、尾拍载荷和尾拍弹道均产生了较强的影响。
- 射弹 /
- CFD/CSD耦合 /
- 尾拍 /
- 载荷 /
- 刚体 /
- 弹性体
Abstract:
A calculating approach based on the two-way analysis of computational fluid dynamics (CFD)/computational structure dynamics (CSD) coupling is devised to increase the predictability of the projectile’s tail-slap load. The main governing equation of fluid calculation adopts the Navier-Stokes equation with SST k-ω turbulent flow model and Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model, structural calculations use simplified structural dynamic equations based on the modal superposition method, interpolation of fluid-structural coupling interface using radial basis function method, mesh deformation using spring stretching method. Both the fluid-structural coupling approach and the cavity shape computation method were independently verified. Further, the differences in cavity shape, structural deformation, and characteristics of tail-slap loads between the rigid body and the elastic body of the projectile at a speed of 1000 m/s were calculated and compared. Simulation results show that during the tail-slapping process of the elastic body, the cavity shape of the projectile will produce special phenomena such as ‘secondary slap’, ‘partial wetting’ and a wetting area increased. Structural deformation is dominated by the first-bending mode. The larger deformation causes the dynamic load to increase by 27%~105%, the amplitude of the pitch angle to increase by 13%, and the tail-slapping frequency to increase by 20%. The fluid-structural coupling effect has a strong influence on the cavity shape, loads, and ballistic of tail-slapping.
- projectile /
- CFD/CSD coupling /
- tail-slap /
- load /
- rigid body /
- elastic body

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图 1 CFD/CSD双向流固耦合迭代流程

Figure 1. Two-way CFD/CSD fluid-structural coupling iterative process

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图 2 本文泡型与试验数据及经验公式对比

Figure 2. Comparison of cavity shape in this paper with experimental data and empirical formula

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图 3 广义位移时间曲线(Ma = 0.96)

Figure 3. Curves of generalized displacement time (Ma = 0.96)

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图 4 超空泡射弹模型

Figure 4. Model of supercavitating projectile

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图 5 流体计算域及边界条件示意图

Figure 5. Schematic diagram of fluid calculation domain and boundary conditions

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图 6 流场网格无关性分析

Figure 6. Independent analysis of flow field mesh

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图 7 流场网格模型

Figure 7. Mesh of flow field

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图 8 结构网格模型

Figure 8. Mesh of structural model

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图 9 3阶弹性模态

Figure 9. First three order elastic modes

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图 10 刚体与弹性体尾拍运动泡型对比

Figure 10. Comparison of cavity profiles between rigid body and elastic body during tail-slapping

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图 11 典型节点y向变形的峰值分布

Figure 11. Distribution of peak deformation of typical nodes

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图 12 刚体与弹性体尾拍流体载荷及俯仰角对比

Figure 12. Comparisons of loads and pitch angle between rigid body and elastic body during tail-slapping

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表 1 超空泡射弹材料参数

Table 1. Material parameters of supercavitating projectile

部位	材料	弹性模量/GPa	密度/(kg·m⁻³)	泊松比
锥段	钨合金	312	17 500	0.3
柱段	钢	210	7 850	0.3

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表 2 刚体与弹性体尾拍流体载荷特性对比

Table 2. Comparison of load characteristics between rigid body and elastic body during tail-slapping

类型	尾拍引起的轴向力增量峰值/kN	尾拍法向力峰值/kN	俯仰力矩峰值/(kN·m)	尾拍姿态角峰值/(°)	尾拍频率/Hz
刚体	1.35	4.21	0.21	5.83	329
弹性体	1.72	6.95	0.43	6.59	394
变化量	0.37	2.74	0.22	0.76	65
注：尾拍引起的轴向力增量峰值、尾拍法向力峰值、俯仰力矩峰值、尾拍姿态角峰值、尾拍频率的变化百分比分别为27%，65%，105%，13%，20%。

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