Control of combustion oscillation in a central-staged combustor based on Helmholtz resonator
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摘要:
中心分级贫油预混预蒸发(LPP)燃烧室被广泛用于航空发动机和燃气轮机中用于降低排放。但是此类燃烧室在运行过程中遇到了较多的燃烧振荡问题。研究了亥姆霍兹共振器对航空发动机中心分级LPP燃烧室中燃烧振荡的控制效果。实验在以液态航空煤油为燃料的单头部模型燃烧室上开展，涉及中温中压和高温高压2种工况环境。基于声学仿真结果设计了紧凑的亥姆霍兹共振器，体积仅为80 mL和160 mL。实验结果表明，工作频率与燃烧振荡频率相近的亥姆霍兹共振器能显著降低振荡的幅值。中温中压实验中，在火焰分级比25.1%、头部当量比0.6的工况下，亥姆霍兹共振器能完全消除燃烧振荡；高温高压实验中，振荡幅值降低约90%。同时，设计合理的共振器在不同分级比下控制效果略有不同，振荡幅值下降幅度为69.9%～98.9%。另外，声学仿真结果显示，共振器的加入对系统的声学特征模态影响极小，与实验结果吻合。结构紧凑的亥姆霍兹共振器具有在航空发动机LPP燃烧室中抑制燃烧振荡的潜力。
Abstract:Lean premixed pre-vaporized (LPP) combustion technology is widely used in centrally staged combustors of aero engines to reduce pollutant emissions. However, such combustors are prone to combustion instability. The control effect of the Helmholtz resonator on combustion oscillation in a central-staged LPP combustor of an aero-engine was studied. The experiment was carried out on a single-head model combustor with liquid aviation kerosene as fuel, involving two working conditions: medium temperature and medium pressure, as well as high temperature and high pressure. According to the acoustic simulation results, compact Helmholtz resonators were designed, with volumes of 80 mL and 160 mL. The experimental results show that Helmholtz resonators with a working frequency close to the combustion oscillation frequency can significantly reduce the oscillation amplitude. In the medium temperature and medium pressure experiment, the Helmholtz resonator can completely eliminate combustion oscillation under the condition of flame stage ratio of 25.1% and head equivalent ratio of 0.6. In the high temperature and high pressure experiment, the oscillation amplitude is reduced by about 90%. In addition, the reasonably designed resonator has slightly different control effects at different stage ratios, with a decrease in oscillation amplitude in the range of 69.9%～98.9%. Meanwhile, the acoustic simulation results show that the addition of a resonator has little effect on the acoustic characteristic modes of the system, which is consistent with the experimental results. In summary, the Helmholtz resonator with a compact structure has the potential to suppress combustion oscillations in an LPP combustor of aero-engine.
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Key words:
- Helmholtz resonator /
- passive control /
- combustion oscillation /
- lean-premixed combustor /
- aero-engin
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图 1 装有亥姆霍兹共振器的中温中压燃烧实验台
Figure 1. Combustion bench with Helmholtz resonator in medium temperature and medium pressure experiment
图 2 COMSOL计算模型及固有模态分布
Figure 2. COMSOL calculation model and distribution of intrinsic mode
图 3 基准工况点3下动态压力脉动处理结果
Figure 3. Treatment results of dynamic pressure pulsation at point 3 of basic operating condition
图 4 安装在中温中压燃烧实验台上的亥姆霍兹共振器
Figure 4. Helmholtz resonator applied on combustion bench in medium temperature and medium pressure experiment
图 7 高温高压实验中使用的亥姆霍兹共振器
Figure 7. Helmholtz resonators used in high temperature and high pressure experiment
图 8 中温中压实验振荡幅值对比
Figure 8. Comparison of oscillation amplitude in medium temperature and medium pressure experiment
图 9 中温中压实验振荡频率对比
Figure 9. Comparison of oscillation frequency in medium temperature and medium pressure experiment
图 10 重复实验中振荡幅值对比
Figure 10. Comparison of oscillation amplitude in repeated experiments
图 11 中温中压实验相空间重构图
Figure 11. Phase space reconstruction in medium temperature and medium pressure experiment
图 12 不同火焰分级比下的压力脉动时序图
Figure 12. Sequence chart of pressure pulsation at different flame stage ratios
图 13 不同火焰分级比下的相空间重构图
Figure 13. Phase space reconstruction at different flame stage ratios
图 14 高温高压实验振荡幅值对比
Figure 14. Comparison of oscillation amplitude in high temperature and high pressure experiment
表 1 中温中压实验基准工况和振荡特性
Table 1. Basic operating conditions and oscillation characteristic for medium temperature and medium pressure experiment
工况 质量流量 火焰
分级比/
%头部
当量比振荡
频率/Hz振荡
幅值/
kPa预燃级燃料/
(kg·h−1)主燃级燃料/
(kg·h−1)M1 4.17 35.6 10.5 0.6 531 6.97 M2 6.04 33.4 15.3 0.6 536 6.53 M3 7.85 31.1 20.2 0.6 528 6.7 M4 9.69 28.9 25.1 0.6 526 6.11 
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表 2 高温高压实验基准工况和振荡特性
Table 2. Basic operating conditions and oscillation characteristic for high temperature and high pressure experiment
工况 质量流量 火焰
分级比/
%头部
当量比振荡
频率/Hz振荡
幅值/
kPa预燃级燃料/
(kg·h−1)主燃级燃料/
(kg·h−1)H1 22.3 127 14.9 0.58 507 20.79 H2 23.2 132 14.9 0.61 508 22.16 H3 24.4 138 15.1 0.64 508 24 H4 19.8 143 12.2 0.64 509 20.81
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表 3 中温中压实验的亥姆霍兹共振器参数
Table 3. Parameters of Helmholtz resonator in medium temperature and medium pressure experiment
共振器 背腔高度/
mm背腔直径/
mm颈部长度/
mm体积/
mL特征频率/
Hz预估
吸声率/dBHR-L 85 36 26 87 496 6.28 HR-M 80 36 26 82 524 9.77 HR-H 75 36 26 76 556 10.91
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表 4 中温中压实验工况
Table 4. Operating conditions in medium temperature and medium pressure experiment
工况 质量流量 火焰
分级比/
%振荡
频率/Hz振荡
幅值/
kPa预燃级燃料/
(kg·h−1)主燃级燃料/
(kg·h−1)M5 5.13 39 11.6 534 4.76 M6 7.07 36.14 16.4 530 2.98 M7 8.79 33.83 20.6 524 1.85 M8 10.36 31.33 24.9 0.34
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