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摘要:
结冰探测是飞机结冰防护系统运行的前提和依据，是结冰防护面临的首要问题。目前，针对探针结冰过程的研究缺乏实测数据，相关规律尚待验证。为更准确地模拟飞机遭遇的真实结冰环境，利用大型结冰风洞开展传感器结冰特性试验研究。采用探针阵列分布和冰形可重复性验证相结合的试验方法，通过在线实拍图像、实测结冰外形与结冰质量等数据，直观、定量地揭示探针表面水滴撞击的细节特征及变化规律。结果表明：探针圆柱表面的水收集系数沿轴向先增大后减小，存在极值点，且该点高度会随壁面边界层的发展逐步上升，变化量级处于2～30 mm之间；此外，各探针位置面对来流参数变化的敏感程度不同，结冰质量较大且对迎角变化敏感度较低的点，将具备更好的探测效果。实测数据与分析结果可为传感器探针的精确设计提供依据。
Abstract:Icing detection is the premise and basis for the operation of aircraft icing protection systems, and it is the primary problem faced by icing protection. At present, the research on the probe icing process lacks the measured data, and the relevant laws need to be verified. Therefore, in order to simulate the real icing environment encountered by the aircraft more accurately, the large-scale icing wind tunnel was used to carry out experimental research on the icing characteristics of the sensor. A test method combining probe array distribution and ice shape repeatability verification was used, and online images, measured ice shape, and ice quality were utilized to reveal the detailed characteristics and changing rules of water droplets impacting the probe surface visually and quantitatively. The results show that the water collection coefficient on the cylinder surface of the probe first increases and then decreases along the axial direction, and there is an extreme point. The height of this point will gradually increase with the development of the wall boundary layer, and the variety ranges from 2 mm to 30 mm. In addition, each probe position has different sensitivity to changes in incoming flow parameters, and the points with higher icing quality and lower sensitivity to changes in attack angle will have better detection effects. The measured data and analysis in this paper can provide a basis for the accurate design of the sensor probe.
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Key words:
- icing detection /
- droplet impact /
- icing characteristics /
- icing wind tunnel /
- boundary layer
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图 13 探针表面水收集特性沿机头表面的变化（工况8）
Figure 13. Change in water collection characteristics on probe surface along the nose surface (condition 8)
图 14 3号纵向截面的位置定义与结冰情况
Figure 14. Location definition and icing condition of No. 3 longitudinal area
图 15 3号纵向截面的极值点高度沿程变化
Figure 15. Change in extreme point height along path for No. 3 longitudinal area
图 16 4号纵向截面的极值点高度沿程变化
Figure 16. Change in extreme point height along path for No. 4 longitudinal area
表 1 环境模拟条件
Table 1. Environmental simulation conditions
工况 温度/℃ 速度/(m·s−1) 迎角/(°) 水滴直径/μm 时间/s 1 −10 90 2 20 180 2 −10 90 2 30 180 3 −25 90 4 20 80 4 −25 90 6 20 80 5 −25 65 2 15 300 6 −25 40 2 15 300 7 −25 65 2 20 80 8 −25 90 2 20 80 9 −25 65 2 30 80 10 −25 90 2 30 80 11 −25 40 2 20 80 
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