Overall design method of ground test equipment for engine dynamic air bleed of aircraft environmental control system
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摘要:
飞机环控系统(ECS)在动态工作时的故障是困扰环控系统设计和改进的一大难题。传统ECS地面试验设备只具备稳态供气或小范围慢速动态供气的能力，难以复现ECS在空中快速剧烈动态引气的环境。为弥补环控系统动态试验能力的不足，建立了参数覆盖范围最大、动态指标最高的环控引气双发动态模拟试验台，可以为环控系统模拟不同发动机在不同工作状态下的动态引气环境。使用总阀调压、冷热掺混调温的方式实现温度压力联合调节，合理分配各环节阻力关系以减弱调压-调温过程的耦合；使用旁路加热器供热、换热器换热的方式保证温度调节的快速性；采用双阀联动控制保证压力调节的大范围和高精度，双流量计互补测量以保证稳态测量精度和动态测量速度；基于传统分布式控制系统建立反射内存卡快速交互网络，实现控制系统的快速响应，采用基于专家系统的查表比例积分微分(PID)算法提升控制器的控制效果。试验结果显示所设计试验台具备快速、大覆盖范围的动态调温调压能力。
Abstract:It is a major problem for the aircraft environmental control system (ECS) design and improvement when encountering failures during dynamic operation. The traditional ground test equipment for the ECS only can supply gas in a steady state or a small range at a low speed, and it is difficult to reproduce the environment of rapid and violent dynamic air bleed of ECS in the air. To make up for the lack of dynamic test capability of ECS, China has built a new double-engine dynamic simulation test bench for ECS with the largest parameter coverage and the highest dynamic index, which can simulate the dynamic air bleed environments of different engines under different working states for the ECS. The overall design method of the test bench was introduced in this paper. The combined adjustment of temperature and pressure was realized by the method of using the main valve for pressure regulation and mixing the cold and the hot for temperature adjustment, and the resistance relationship of each link was reasonably distributed to weaken the coupling in the pressure regulation and temperature adjustment process. The rapidity of temperature adjustment was ensured by using a bypass heater for heating and a heat exchanger for heat exchange. Double-valve linkage control was used to ensure the large range and high precision of pressure regulation, and dual flowmeters were employed to ensure steady-state measurement accuracy and dynamic measurement speed. Based on the traditional distributed control system, a fast interactive network of reflective memory cards was established to realize the fast response of the control system, and the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) algorithm based on the expert system was adopted to improve the control effect of the controller. The test results show that the test bench can rapidly and dynamically regulate pressure and adjust temperature in a wide range.
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图 8 中压5级供气路的试验段入口供气管路
Figure 8. Air supply pipe at inlet of test section of medium-pressure 5-stage air supply circuit
图 13 高压9级引气路定斜率控制
Figure 13. Constant slope control of high-pressure 9-stage air bleed circuit
图 14 外涵道引气路定斜率控制
Figure 14. Constant slope control of external ulvert air bleed circuit
表 1 环控引气双发动态模拟试验台引气参数要求
Table 1. Air bleed parameter requirements of environmental control air bleed dual-engine dynamic simulation test bench
供气环境 出口压力
（绝压）/MPa压力变化率/
（kPa·s−1）可控制压力
范围/MPa出口温度/℃ 加温变化率/
（℃·s−1）可控制温度
范围/℃出口流量/
（kg·h−1）高压9级引气路 0.101～3.5 50～ 1000 0.2～3.5 20～650 5～90 40～650 0～ 8000 中压5级引气路 0.101～2.5 50～800 0.2～2.5 20～500 5～90 40～500 0～ 8000 低压外涵引气路 0.101～0.8 2～20 105～220 20～150 5～40 20～150 0～ 15000 
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