固化应力松弛对复材模具型面精度的影响

肖遥; 李勇; 李东升; 王磊; 江超

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2023.0109

固化应力松弛对复材模具型面精度的影响

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2023.0109

肖遥¹,
李勇¹,
李东升^1, ,,
王磊²,
江超³

1.
北京航空航天大学机械工程及自动化学院，北京 100191
2.
湖南航天环宇通信股份有限公司，长沙 410006
3.
沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司，沈阳 110850

基金项目: 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(YWF-23-L-1012)

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail：lidongs@buaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: V262.3；V258⁺.3
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-03-07
- 录用日期: 2023-07-07
- 网络出版日期: 2023-09-22
- 整期出版日期: 2025-03-27

Influence of curing stress relaxation on profile accuracy of composites tools

1.
School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation，Beihang University，Beijing 100191，China
2.
Hunan Aerospace Huanyu Communication Technology Co.，Ltd.，Changsha 410006，China
3.
AVIC Shenyang Aircraft Co.，Ltd.，Shenyang 110850，China

Funds: The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (YWF-23-L-1012)

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：lidongs@buaa.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
具有低温固化高温使用特点的复合材料工装预浸料，是制造航空航天高精度复合材料成型工装极具潜力的材料之一。为实现其低成本、高精度成型，模具用预浸料一般采用更为复杂的低温预固化和高温后固化组成的2步工艺。模具成型固化应力不仅影响模具初始型面精度，而且在模具热循环使用过程中还可能产生应力松弛，进一步引起模具型面精度变化，进而影响零件成型精度。本文针对碳纤维增强复合材料模具凹凸复杂型面特征，通过试验研究了固化成型阶段和热循环使用过程中模具型面精度变化规律及影响因素。试验结果表明：成型阶段的固化应力及其在使用过程中的应力松弛行为是造成模具型面精度变化的主要因素，且型面偏差随热循环使用周期的增加而逐渐趋于稳定；成型阶段，模具型面偏差主要来源于由热膨胀不匹配、树脂固化收缩及金属母模作用诱导的固化应力，而使用阶段，固化残余应力的松弛行为是引起模具型面偏差的主要原因。研究结果能够帮助理解复合材料模具结构稳定性变化，同时，对于降低复合材料模具制造成本、提高使用寿命，实现复杂高精度复合材料构件的精确制造具有重要意义。
- 复合材料模具 /
- 固化变形 /
- 残余应力 /
- 应力松弛 /
- 模具型面精度
Abstract:
Tooling composites prepreg cured at low temperatures and used in high temperature is one of the most promising materials for forming composite tools to manufacture high-precision composite structures in the aerospace field. Tooling composites prepreg utilizes a specially designed two-step method that consists of low-temperature procuring and high-temperature post-curing in order to realize its low cost and high precision manufacture. The curing stress induced in composite tool manufacturing not only affects the accuracy of the initial tool profile, but may produce stress relaxation in the process of thermal recycling, which further causes the change of tool profile accuracy, and then affects the accuracy of components manufacturing. In this paper, the variation rules and influencing factors of profile accuracy of the complex profile characteristics of carbon fiber reinforced composite tools during solidification and thermal recycling were studied by experiments. The results show that the curing stress in the manufacturing process and the stress relaxation in the process of thermal recycling are the main factors that cause the variation of tool profile accuracy, and the profile deviation tends to be stable with the increase of the number of thermal recycling. Subsequent investigation reveals that the primary causes of the tool profile deviation during the manufacturing process are the interaction between the master mold and the composites tool, resin curing shrinkage, and thermal expansion mismatch-induced curing stress. In contrast, the primary cause of the mold surface deviation during the use stage is the relaxation behavior of the residual curing stress. The research results can help to understand the changes in the structural stability of composite tools. Meanwhile, it is of great significance to reduce the manufacturing cost of composite tools, improving the service life of composite tools and realizing the precise manufacturing of complex and high-precision composite components.
- composites tool /
- curing deformation /
- residual stresses /
- stresses relaxation /
- accuracy of tool profile

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图 1 试验件制备与测量过程

Figure 1. Manufacturing and measuring flowchart of tool composites part

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 固化温度的热电偶测试结果

Figure 2. Results of curing temperature measured by thermocouple

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图 3 随炉试样的单向拉伸试验结果

Figure 3. Results of unidirectional tensile test specimens

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 预固化阶段的型面偏差

Figure 4. Profile deviation in pre-cure step

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 后固化阶段的型面偏差

Figure 5. Profile deviation in post-cure step

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 后固化阶段的累积型面偏差

Figure 6. Accumulated profile deviation in post-cure step

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图 7 后固化阶段的型面偏差雷达图

Figure 7. Radar map of profile deviation in post-cure

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 01号和02号试验件的变形云图

Figure 8. Cloud chart of deformation of No. 01 and No. 02 specimens in pre-cure and post-cure

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图 9 4次固化后的01号试验件型面偏差

Figure 9. Profile deviation of No. 01 specimen after four times cure steps

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图 10 01号试验件型面偏差云图对比

Figure 10. Comparison of profile deviation of No. 01 specimen

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表 1 复合材料工装预浸料基本力学性能

Table 1. Basic mechanical properties of tooling composite material prepreg

牌号轴向弹性模量/GPa 面内剪切模量/GPa 面内泊松比

XT-200 56 3.66 0.04

XT-650 59.5 4.35 0.08

下载: 导出CSV

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