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摘要:
设计一款低成本无芯片射频识别(RFID)传感器用于环境湿度监测具有重要意义。为此，将聚乙烯醇(PVA)薄膜用作湿度敏感材料，矩形基板的整体尺寸为18 mm×18 mm×0.5 mm，通过感湿原理和仿真分析，环境湿度的变化引起湿度敏感材料PVA介电常数的变化，进而影响整个传感器谐振频率偏移。仿真结果表明：所设计的湿度传感器相对湿度工作范围为21.9%～52.5%，对应传感器谐振频率范围为2.76～2.51 GHz，偏移总量达到250 MHz，最大相对湿度下平均灵敏度为23.08 MHz/%。所设计的湿度传感器具有小型化、结构简易和低成本等优点，可应用于各种目标环境的湿度监测。
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关键词:
- 低成本 /
- 无芯片射频识别湿度传感器 /
- 聚乙烯醇 /
- 湿度监测 /
- 湿度敏感材料
Abstract:It is of great significance to design a low cost chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) sensor for environmental humidity monitoring. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film is used as a humidity-sensitive material and the overall size of the rectangular substrate is 18 mm×18 mm×0.5 mm. Based on simulation studies and the humidity sensing principle, the permittivity of the humidity-sensitive material PVA changes in response to changes in ambient humidity, which in turn influences the resonant frequency shift of the entire sensor. The simulation results show that the designed humidity sensor operates in the range of 21.9%−52.5% for relative humidity, corresponding to the resonant frequency range of the sensor 2.76−2.51 GHz, the total offset reaches 250 MHz and the maximum relative humidity sensitivity is 23.08 MHz/%. The compact size, straightforward construction, and affordable price of the developed humidity sensor make it suitable for a range of humidity monitoring applications.
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图 6 不同介电常数下传感器谐振频率变化
Figure 6. Variation of sensor resonant frequency under different dielectric constants
图 7 介电常数与谐振频率、相对湿度关系
Figure 7. Relationship between dielectric constant and resonant frequency, relative humidity
表 1 PVA在不同相对湿度中介电常数变化
Table 1. Electrical constant of PVA varies with different relative humidities
相对湿度/% 介电常数 2 GHz 3 GHz 21.9 5.06 5.12 29.1 5.08 5.14 35.6 5.18 5.21 44.7 5.38 5.41 52.5 6.2 6.18 64 7.7 7.5 69.5 8.6 8.4 80.4 15 14 90.9 29 27 94 41 38 
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表 2 相对湿度为21.9%～52.5%时平均灵敏度$\eta $
Table 2. Average sensitivity at 21.9%−52.5% relative humidity
相对湿度/% $\eta $/(MHz·%−1) 21.9 29.1 1.389 35.6 3.077 44.7 4.396 52.5 23.08
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